Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Foam Flow Instability Analysis Shu Luo The University of Tulsa

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Outline Introduction Liquid Holdup in Foam Foam Flow Stability Foam Flow Pressure Drop Summary

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Introduction Liquid holdup in foam flow is much lower than air-water flow Liquid holdup in foam flow is a function of liquid and gas velocities, as well as surfactant concentration At high concentration, liquid holdup almost remains constant at different gas velocities

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Foam Flow Liquid Holdup 2 inch, vsl=0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Foam Flow Liquid Holdup Predicting liquid holdup in large facility based on lab data from small facility Half life analysis reveals the effectiveness of surfactant at different concentrations Drainage velocity can be calculated from half life data, which relates to the slippage between gas and liquid

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Half Time Analysis Small Scale

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Drainage Velocity Calculation

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Drainage Velocity vs. Liquid Holdup

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup Correlation

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 800 ppm, 2 inch, vsl=0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 1600 ppm, 2 inch, vsl=0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 3000 ppm, 2 inch, vsl=0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 800 ppm, 2 inch, vsl=0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 1600 ppm, 2 inch, vsl=0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 800 ppm, 4 inch, vsl=0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 1600 ppm, 4 inch, vsl=0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 3000 ppm, 4 inch, vsl=0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 800 ppm, 4 inch, vsl=0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Holdup 1600 ppm, 4 inch, vsl=0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Experiment vs. Calculation

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Liquid Loading for Foam Conventional definition is difficult to apply for foam flow Definition based on negative frictional pressure gradient (liquid film reversal) can be applied We applied this definition to predict the stability of foam flow

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Traditional Definition (dp/dz) 2 inch, 0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Traditional Definition (dp/dz) 4 inch, 0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 400 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 6 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 800 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 4.3 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 1200 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 3.2 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 1600 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 1.4 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 3000 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 2.4 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 400 ppm, 4 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 15 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 800 ppm, 4 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 14 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 1200 ppm, 4 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 8 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 1600 ppm, 4 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 4 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, dP/dz) G vs. dP/dz) F 3000 ppm, 4 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s 6 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Foam Flow Stability (Consistent with Small Scale) 1200 ppm

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Pressure Gradient Calculation We subtracted gravitational gradient from overall pressure gradient to calculate frictional gradient. We use the frictional pressure gradient to back calculate viscosity We plotted the apparent viscosity as a function of gas velocity

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Viscosity vs. Gas Velocity 1200 ppm, 2 inch

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Observations

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 400 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 800 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 1200 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 1600 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 3000 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.01 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 400 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 800 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 1200 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Total dP/dz 1600 ppm, 2 inch, v sl =0.03 m/s

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Summary A correlation of liquid holdup in foam flow is developed, which uses information from small facility. Foam flow Stability is determined based on film reversal phenomenon Critical velocity of foam flow decreases as surfactant concentration increases for both 2” and 4” A correlation of viscosity is proposed to calculate pressure gradient of foam flow.

Foam Flow Meeting, Jul.9th, Thank You! Questions…