Speech Analysis 2 Notes

Irony Dramatic When the audience/reader knows something the characters don’t Verbal When someone says the opposite of what is expected or appropriate (sarcasm) Situational When the situation is the opposite of what is expected

Logical vs Emotional Appeal Use facts Data/Statistics Experts Quotes Emotional Use loaded words Personal anecdotes Logical fallacies (appeal to fear, slippery slope, etc) Rhetorical devices (questions, hyperbole, parallelism)

Figurative language Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Onomatopoeia Pun Allusion Alliteration Hyperbole Idiom

Simile A comparison of two unlike thing that uses “like”, “as”, or “than” Your skin is as smooth as silk. My love for you is like a raging fire!

Metaphor A direct comparison of two unlike things Michael Phelps is a fish! My neighbor is an evil monster. The traffic is a nightmare.

Personification Giving non-human things human characteristics The stars were dancing in the sky. The shoes in the window were calling out my name!

Alliteration The repetition of sounds at the beginning of the words. The whirling wind wailed all night long. Peter Piper pick a peck….

Hyperbole Extreme Exaggeration My mom is going to kill me! I’ve watched that movie a million times!

Pun A play on the multiple meaning of a word Q: What did the fish say when he hit the concert wall? A: Dam! Q: What instrument do fish like to play? A: A bass guitar.

Idiom It is raining cats and dogs. He kicked the bucket! a term or phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal definitions but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use. It is raining cats and dogs. He kicked the bucket!

Onomatopoeia When a word sounds like its meaning Crack or whip Pop or boom Slap or smack

Allusion A reference to history, literature, art, politics or religion He betrayed me; he’s such a Judas! When someone messes up, the say “Oops I did it again!”

Oxymoron Pairing together two words with opposite meanings Pretty Ugly Alone together Pleasurable torture Jumbo Shrimp

Logical Fallacies Ad hominem – Personal attack Slippery Slope – one thing leads to worse Appeal to fear – Scare tactics False Authority – “Trust me” I’m a doctor False Analogy – False comparison False Dilemma – Either/Or (two options) Non Sequitur – It doesn’t follow

Text Structure Chronological Compare/Contrast Cause and Effect Order of Importance Problem/Solution

Chronological Order 1 2 3 4

Compare and Contrast

Cause and Effect

Order of Importance Idea 1: Idea 2: Idea 4: Idea 3: Idea 5:

Problem/Solution

Inductive vs. Deductive True Premise + True Premise = 100% Guaranteed Conclusion Inductive = True Premise + True Premise = Probably True Conclusion

False Premise In arguments, look for the premises the speaker is building their case on. Some look and sound true, but are actually false. Because all students are failing Algebra, algebra teachers should rethink they way they teach. Protecting the environment is the most important thing we as humans can do, so everyone should recycle.

Rhetorical Devices Rhetorical Questions Repetition Parallelism Hyperbole Simile, Metaphor (analogies)