Minerals Unit C Chapter 2 Lesson 1

What is a mineral? A mineral is… #1-always a solid material with particles arranged in a repeating pattern (crystal). #2-almost always made from material that was never alive. #3-formed only in nature. A mineral is… #1-always a solid material with particles arranged in a repeating pattern (crystal). #2-almost always made from material that was never alive. #3-formed only in nature.

How is a mineral formed? #1-Some form in Earth’s mantle.

How is a mineral formed? #2-Some form near Earth’s surface.

How is a mineral formed? #3-Some form in extremely hot water.

Diamonds Diamonds … formed when high heat and pressure change carbon into hard sparkling crystals are used for jewelry, cutting tools, such as drills and saws.

Calcite Calcite Is formed at or near Earth’s surface, especially when calcium, oxygen, and carbon combine in sea water. Some ocean animals have calcite shells or other body parts. Found in caves. Calcite Is formed at or near Earth’s surface, especially when calcium, oxygen, and carbon combine in sea water. Some ocean animals have calcite shells or other body parts. Found in caves.

Galena Galena crystals form when hot, mineral-rich water moves slowly through cracks in Earth’s crust, mixing with other minerals before it cools or evaporates.

Some Mineral Properties The streak is the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a white tile called a streak plate.

luster Luster describes the way the surface of a mineral reflects light. Three types: #1- metalic luster (shiny) #2- non-metalic luster (dull) #3- brilliant luster (sparkling)

hardnesshardness Hardness is a mineral’s ability to resist being scratched.

Moh’s Hardness Scale A scale to measure a mineral’s hardness from 1 to 10. A mineral with a higher number on the scale can scratch a mineral with a lower number.

How We Use Minerals #1- musical instruments (silver and copper) # 2-electrical wire (silver and copper) #3- jewelry (silver and copper) #4- plaster and wallboard (gypsum) #5- pencils (graphite) #6- table salt (halite) #7- steal beams for buildings (hematite)