Chapter 15 Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Physical Activity

Coronary Heart Disease Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis

Terms Prevalence – cases in a population Incidence – rate of new cases in a population Mortality – number of deaths in a population Morbidity – number of people with disease Risk factor – conditions related to disease formation

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Age Heredity Race Sex

Modifiable Risk Factors Cholesterol-lipid fractions HDL, LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides (T 15.2; p 456) Cigarette smoking Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension Obesity Metabolic syndrome Physical inactivity

Physical Activity and Risk Factors Risk FactorImpact of Physical Activity Cholesterol-lipidIncreases HDL fraction Decreases total cholesterol (maybe) Cigarette smokingIndirect HypertensionDec. SBP; Dec. SBP Physical ActivityDirectly eliminates Diabetes MellitusInc. glucose tolerance Inc. insulin sensitivity ObesityDec, body fat StressHostility component of Type A behavior? Dec. Type A Behavior Problems Dec. depression Fibrinogen levels and fibrinolytic activity (breakdown of fibrin clots) Dec. fibrinogen levels Inc. fibrinolytic activity