Atmosphere/Winds.

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Presentation transcript:

Atmosphere/Winds

Atmosphere Temperatures & Depth 500km EXOSPHERE Ionosphere - Layer of electrically charged particles. 250 – 300 Km. 85km 50km 10km Jet Streams 10 to 75o C 65 to 0o C 5 to 90o C 90 to 10o C TROPOSHPERE STRATOSPHERE Atmosphere Temperatures & Depth MESOPSHERE THERMOSPHERE

Atmosphere Facts Sun warms air EXOSPHERE Coolest part Little water vapor Ozone -20 - 50 km Absorbs heat from sun 75% of gases Space shuttle X-15 Aircraft Weather balloons Dust, Water & Ice Airplanes Radio waves Satellites Auroras Weather & Clouds TROPOSHPERE STRATOSPHERE Atmosphere Facts MESOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE

COMPOSITION OF ATMOSHPERE OXYGEN 21% Trace Gases Argon - .93% CO2 - .034 Neon - .00182 Helium - .00052 Methane - .00015 Krypton - .000114 Hydrogen - .00005 NITROGEN 78% TRACE GASES 1% COMPOSITION OF ATMOSHPERE

Coriolis Effect World’s major wind systems are created when air moving across the surface is deflected either eastward/westward due to the Coriolis Effect. Creates world weather patterns. Atmospheric circulation is powered by energy of the Sun. Polar Easterlies - East to West Westerlies - West to East - opposite of trade winds Responsible for weather in the U.S. & Canada Trade winds - East to West Steady winds create route for sailors in North Doldrums - Windless zone Air seems motionless Hot air rises - less dense - moves straight up

Jet Streams POLAR EASTERLIES WESTERLIES Jet Streams Jet Streams TRADE WINDS 10 O DOLDRUMS EQUATOR 0 O DOLDRUMS 10 O Jet Streams TRADE WINDS 30 O Jet Streams WESTERLIES 60 O POLAR EASTERLIES Jet Streams

SMALLER SYSTEMS WHICH CREATE LOCAL WEATHER - by convection currents Sea Breezes DAY Created during day because solar radiation, warms the land more than the water. Air over land heated by conduction. Heated air becomes less dense - goes up because of cooler denser air moving from ocean, convections currents result. Sea by Night COOL AIR SINKS WARM AIR RISES LAND BREEZE COOL AIR SINKS WARM AIR RISES LAND BREEZES - NIGHT Smaller systems which create local weather, caused by convection currents. Air over land is heated by conduction. Land warms and cools more rapidly than water. SEA BREEZE Sea by Day

Transfer of HEAT within Earth’s atmosphere. RADIATION warms the surface. The air near Earth’s surface is heated by CONDUCTION. Cooler air pushes warm air upward, creating a CONVECTION CURRENTS. Transfer of HEAT within Earth’s atmosphere.