2005 Paul VanRaden, John Cole, Duane Norman, Mel Tooker, and Jan Wright Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville,

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2005 Paul VanRaden, John Cole, Duane Norman, Mel Tooker, and Jan Wright Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Update on Inbreeding, Herd by Sire Effects, and New Traits

NAAB DSEC 2005 (2) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Topics  Inbreeding adjustments  Herd by sire interaction variance  PTA’s for potential traits of interest Maturity (lactations 1-3 before 1999, animal model) Persistency (13 mil records, animal model) Age at 1 st calf (1.1 mil records, 5109 sires) Gestation length (1.2 mil records, 3451 sires) Milking speed (survey of AI company PTA’s)  Definition of productive life

NAAB DSEC 2005 (3) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Expected and Actual Inbreeding Bull 1998 Dtrs 2005 Dtrs 1998 Dtr F 2005 Dtr F 1998 EFI 2005 EFI Winchester Fred Rubytom Jolt Zebo Marty Top 100 Avg

NAAB DSEC 2005 (4) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Elite Cows  Nov 2004 compared to March 2005 Cow F increased from 5.0% to 5.2% Cow EFI decreased from 5.5% to 5.4 Sample cow EFI = 5.0% for 600 Holsteins Base EFI (cows born in 2000) – 4.7% +-.6% for Holsteins – 5.7% % for Brown Swiss – 6.7% % for Jerseys  EFI in selection and mating programs

NAAB DSEC 2005 (5) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Inbreeding of US Daughters (Proven Holstein bulls born since 1994) Bull OriginBulls Pedigree Compl.Dtr FEFI USA Canada Netherlands France Great Britain Italy Denmark

NAAB DSEC 2005 (6) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Inbreeding Math  Subtract regression (b) from y YD 0 = y - m - p - c - b (F cow ) DYD 0 = Σ w (YD 0 - mate PTA 0 ) / Σ w  Add expected future inbreeding (EFI) PTA EFI = PTA 0 + b (EFI - EFI base ) PA EFI = PA 0 + b (EFI - EFI base ) DYD EFI = DYD 0 + b (EFI - EFI base )  Account for F in w and in reliability?

NAAB DSEC 2005 (7) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Interactions for Famous Old Bulls (Milk pounds, from VanRaden et al 1992 JDS 75:2892) Bull Mars Tony BellElevationAstronaut Sire effect Mars Tony Bell Elevation Astronaut MGS effect

NAAB DSEC 2005 (8) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Number of Cows per Interaction (from VanRaden et al 1992 JDS 75:2892) Bull Mars Tony BellElevationAstronaut Mars Tony Bell Elevation Astronaut(half stored)35

NAAB DSEC 2005 (9) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Herd × Sire Var: Daughters / Herd 5% H×S 7% H×S 10% H×S

NAAB DSEC 2005 (10) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Maximum Daughters / Herd Traith2h2 c2c2 p2p2 Maximum Yield (new) DPR (new) PL SCS h 2 = heritability, c 2 = herd by sire interaction, p 2 = permanent environment variance

NAAB DSEC 2005 (11) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Age at First Calf: Best Bulls (99% R) Bull Age at 1 st calf (days) Avg. Age (mo)DPR Merv Rudolph Indy Duster Sand Spencer Top Gun

NAAB DSEC 2005 (12) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Age at First Calf: Worst Bulls (99% R) Bull Age at 1 st calf (days) Avg. Age (mo)DPR Raider Marksman Skybuck Activate Man Sandwater Choice

NAAB DSEC 2005 (13) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Longest Gestation Length (as trait of daughters, 99% REL bulls) Bull Gestation Length Sire C. Ease Daughter C. Ease Stylist Dixie1.989 Manager Benefit Mark Star1.798 Caveman Mandel1.799

NAAB DSEC 2005 (14) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Shortest Gestation Length (as trait of daughters, 99% REL bulls) Bull Gestation Length Sire C. Ease Daughter C. Ease Echo Script Goliath Magician Elite Wine Billy

NAAB DSEC 2005 (15) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 High Maturity PTA Bulls (500 dtrs by 1999 and 5000 dtrs by 2005) Bull Milk Maturity PTA 1,2,3 – 1 PTA Milk PTA PL Langs Cash Whamo Black Jack Labelle Horton Mich

NAAB DSEC 2005 (16) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Low Maturity PTA Bulls (500 dtrs by 1999 and 5000 dtrs by 2005) Bull Milk Maturity PTA 1,2,3 – 1 PTA Milk PTA PL Mason Bellwood Mascot Mister Bova Jackpot Nick Emory

NAAB DSEC 2005 (17) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 PTA Persistency of Top Net Merit Bulls (99% REL) Bull Protein PersistencyNM$DPR R Boone JC Fagan BW Marshall Orion Addison Mtoto Manfred

NAAB DSEC 2005 (18) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Cow with Average Persistency

NAAB DSEC 2005 (19) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Highest Cow Persistency

NAAB DSEC 2005 (20) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Lowest Cow Persistency

NAAB DSEC 2005 (21) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Milking Speed Survey  Current US AI evaluations Select Sires: 1-9 scale Genex CRI: 1-9 scale Accelerated Genetics: 1-5 scale Alta Genetics: actual time,  Milking speed in foreign indexes DNK 6%, AUS 3%, CAN <1%

NAAB DSEC 2005 (22) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Current PL Credits Y E A R S P e r c e n t C r e d i t

NAAB DSEC 2005 (23) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Possible PL Credits Y E A R S P e r c e n t C r e d i t

NAAB DSEC 2005 (24) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Proposed PL Credits Month of Lactation Lac

NAAB DSEC 2005 (25) VanRaden, Cole, Norman, Tooker, Wright 2005 Productive Life Research  Upper limits on lactation length and age can be removed  New projection factors derived  36 month PL vs final PL Genetic correlation =.87 Genetic corr with protein.14 vs.00 – Has declined rapidly in recent years – Phenotypic correlations are fairly stable – Adjustment for yield may be needed