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QUIZ… 1. List the four long-term causes of WWI. 2. What two countries were in competition over the Balkans? 3. Who assassinated the Archduke Franz Ferdinand? 4. Where was the Archduke from? 5. Why was the Archduke targeted by the Black Hand Gang? 6. How did the assassination lead to WWI?

A GENDA

Drill – Review: list the 4 long-term causes of WWI and list the countries that comprised the Allies and the Triple Entente Imperialism Militarism Alliances Nationalism Allies: G, A-H, Italy versus Entente: Britain, France and Russia Read 16.2, write down ONE thing that you learn from the book that is different from today’s notes. Why would a country abandon its alliance?

WWI: W AR C ONSUMES E UROPE 16.2

T HE A LLIANCE S YSTEM C OLLAPSES After the assassination of the archduke, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Led to chain reaction: Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia (with Germany’s unconditional support) Russia helps Serbia, attacks Austria-Hungary AND Germany Germany declares war against Russia Russia asks France for help

T HE S CHLIEFFEN P LAN Designed by General von Schlieffen of Germany Plan to deal w/ 2-front war. Crush France, then Russia The Germans could not get into France, so went through Belgium

WAR TORN FOREST…

Belgium was officially “neutral” German invasion outraged the British British declared war on Germany too Soon the two alliances (the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente) changed their names – Allies vs. The Central Powers

A LLIES : C ENTRAL P OWERS : Great Britain, France, Russia = Original allies Italy – joined the Allies (switched sides) Center of Europe Germany and Austria- Hungary: the original two Joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire

B ELGIANS BLEW OUT A BRIDGE TO HALT THE G ERMANS

F RENCH TANK STUCK IN G ERMAN TRENCH

A B LOODY S TALEMATE A LONG THE W ESTERN F RONT Germany attacks France Results in stalemate Deadlocked region = The Western Front

F RENCH SOLDIER TRAINING AN A MERICAN

T HE B ATTLE OF THE M ARNE French FINALLY defeat the Germans in the valley of the Marne River (north of Paris). Battle = important Showed the Germans the Schlieffen Plan would not work.

T RENCH W ARFARE Trenches are like big ditches Muddy and rat infested; sleep was impossible Land b/w trenches = “no man’s land.” New technology made war more violent Battle of Verdun, the French and Germans EACH lost more than 300,000 men By the end of the Battle of the Somme (November 1916) each side had lost a half a million soldiers

“NO MAN’S LAND”

SOLDIERS REPAIRING A TRENCH…

T HE B ATTLE ON THE E ASTERN F RONT Eastern front = land b/w Germany and Russia Russians and Serbs versus Germans, Austrians and Turks Central Powers killed more than 30,000 Russians in one battle

GERMAN SOLDIERS AIMING AT THE ENEMY…

R USSIA F ALLS A PART By 1916, Russia was near collapse – low on supplies. Ports blocked by the Ottomans and the Germans Russia’s HUGE population helped them stay in the war. Russians lost more than 2 million soldiers in 1915 alone

AMERICAN SOLDIERS THROWING HAND GRENADES…