OTHER RELIGIONS OF THE REFORMATION

England Becomes Protestant  Henry VIII wanted a son but his wife only had a daughter  Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his marriage but the pope refused  Henry VIII called Reformation Parliament to divorce his wife  1534 Henry broke from the Catholic Church and the Act of Supremacy declared that the English King was head of England’s Church  Henry would have six wives

After Henry VIII’s death  Each of his children ruled and there was religious turmoil between Catholics and Protestants  Elizabeth I created a compromise with the Anglican church which was protestant but borrowed traditions from the Catholic church  Spanish King Philip II (Catholic) attacked England but lost

John Calvin  Calvin believed in predestination. People are sinful by nature and God chooses a few to be saved  He creates Calvinism  Calvin went to Geneva, Switzerland and led the city. He believed the ideal government was a theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders)

John Knox  He visited Calvin in Geneva and liked his teachings  He returned to his native Scotland and his followers were called Presbyterians

Anabaptists  More interpretations of the Bible = more religious groups  Anabaptist = “baptize again”  Only people who were old enough to decide to be Christian should be baptized

The Catholic Reformation  Movement within the Catholic Church to reform  Ignatius of Loyola was great reformer and attracted many followers – Society of Jesus- Jesuits  Founded great schools  Converted non-Christians to Catholicism  Stop spread of Protestantism

Council of Trent  meetings to reform the Catholic Church  Agreed on the following:  Church’s interpretation of the Bible final  Christians need faith and good works for salvation  The Bible and church authorities were equal authorities  Indulgences were okay (but not false selling of them) Index of Forbidden Books

Legacy of the Reformation  Religion no longer united Europe. Now Europe divided between Catholics and Protestants  Church’s power declined, so monarchs and states gained power  Reformers’ successful revolt against the church paved way for later rejection of Christian faith in the Western culture