Computational Modeling of Cognitive Activity Prof. Larry M. Manevitz Course Slides: 2012.

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Presentation transcript:

Computational Modeling of Cognitive Activity Prof. Larry M. Manevitz Course Slides: 2012

Aim of Course: To view some of the methods and results of Cognitive and Brain Modeling – What is it good for? – What does it replace? Aim of Course: To understand how machine learning methods could help understand cognition and Brain Function

Some Cognitive Tasks Memory – Declarative – Procedural – Associative Decision Making Pattern Identification Language Speech Reading …

What is the brain? What is cognition? – We can think of brain activity as a computation. – Can we do “reverse engineering”? – Can we explain activity? Many approaches – Physiological Explanations – Computational Explanations – Cognitive Explanations

Related Fields, Related Methods? Neurophysiology – Cell Structure – System Biology Cognitive Psychology – Psychophysical Experiments  Important Tools  fMRI  EEG  Others …

We have several tools from CS that can help us – Successfully model cognitive activity – Successfully explore activity in vivo (i.e. in a person…)

What tools are appropriate?

Basic Structure of Neural System From work of Cajal (as opposed to Golgi), the neural system is separated into discrete cells. So we need to understand at least – Computational aspect of separate cells – Computational aspect of network of cells

Let’s start with the simplest model. The neural system is known to be cellular. That means there is not continuous connections (like an electric wire) but discrete elements.

Examples of Neurons

Neuron Stains

Let’s start in McCullough Pitts. Want to understand how the brain works. Their view: all there is, is Boolean functions. Note: Same view as logicians as old as Boole (1898)

L. Manevitz U. Haifa20 Definitions and History McCullough –Pitts Neuron Perceptron Adaline Linear Separability Multi-Level Neurons Neurons with Loops

L. Manevitz U. Haifa21 Natural versus Artificial Neuron Natural NeuronMcCullough Pitts Neuron

L. Manevitz U. Haifa22 Sample Feed forward Network (No loops) Weights Input Output Wji Vik F(  wji xj