The Protestant Reformation The Break Up of the Western Church

Reformation Reform - change › time of religious change What was the Protestant Reformation? - A change that divided the Western Church into Catholic and Protestant Groups

Reasons for Change Christian Humanism - belief in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves - Desiderius Erasmus “The Philosophy of Christ”

Reasons for Change cont… What else caused this change? - Renaissance Popes failed to meet the spiritual needs of those involved within the church People wanted to ensure their salvation Selling of indulgences

Martin Luther Objected to the selling of indulgences Wrote Ninety Five Theses - attacked those abusing this practice Kept two sacraments - baptism - communion

Martin Luther cont… Cast out of the church, 1521 Edict of Worms - Emperor Charles V - outlawed from Holy Roman Empire and burned his works

Martin Luther cont... Lutheranism - set up services to replace Catholic Mass - Read the Bible - Preached God’s word - Songs (hymns)

Germany The Peace of Augsburg - agreement accepting the division of Christianity - division accepted in Europe

Switzerland Ulrich Zwingli - Zurich, Switzerland - Removed paintings & decorations from the church leaving the walls bare - held new services - replaced mass with scripture reading, prayer, and sermons

Zwingli

John Calvin Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion Emphasis on predestination Established Geneva - community - led by church government - powerful center for Protestantism Calvinism

Calvin

England Accepted split in the Catholic Church of England in 1534 New Church of England - Anglican Church - Anglicanism

Anabaptist Movement Group of Adult Believers - baptism of adults vs. infants Believed in complete separation of church and state

Women’s Role Male was to remain head of household Obedience to husband Bear Children Raise Family and maintain household Little change from Renaissance Era

Catholic Resurgence Three Main Groups emerge - Jesuits - Papacy - Council of Trent Forbid the selling of indulgences Upheld belief in purgatory Renewed confidence in beliefs