Chapter 4 Electron Configuration

Radiant Energy Energy from all angles Waves – Wave height – Wave length – Trough – Crest – Amplitude – Frequency

Electromagnetic Spectrum Purple = short Red = long Measured in nanometers Neon signs – Use different elements with the neon – Orange uses – Blue uses – Red uses

Quantum Theory Energy is measured in quantum Each object can emit or absorb a given amount of energy.

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle The position and the momentum of a moving object can not be measured or known at any given time This being said, Bohr’s model was a guess.

Quantum Mechanical Model Three things we know about electrons – Energy of electrons is quantinized – Electrons have wave like behavior – Impossible to know the position or momentum of an electron

Probability of finding electrons Most dense clouds Least dense clouds These clouds are known as orbitals

Principle Energy Levels Designed energy levels 1-7

Sublevels s p d f

Electron Spin Spinning creates a magnetic field In each orbital—electrons spin in opposite directions. One spins clockwise and the other spins counterclockwise. A maximum of 2 electrons are allowed in each orbital.

Wolfgang Pauli Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin. This is Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

Electron Configuration

Orbital Diagraming

Abbreviated Electron Configuration Starts with the noble gas from the previous period. Then the electron configuration continues.