Research, Policy and Politics in Evidence Based Practice (RPP in EBP) Peter Greenwood, Ph.D. Association of Criminal Justice Research (CA) 71 st Bi-Annual Meeting March 25, 2010

Mod  Functional Family Therapy(FFT)  Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST)  Treatment Foster Care(TFC)  Nurse-Family Partnerships(NFP)  Aggression Replacement Training (ART)  Cognitive Behavioral Training (CBT)  Fidelity Assurance(FA)

Mod 4 3 Expected Change In Crime (# of EB Studies) Benefits minus Costs (per-person, life cycle) Adult Drug Courts-8.0% (57)$4,767 Education Prms., Prison-7.0% (17)$10,669 Some Things Work, Some Don’t…Be a Smart Investor! What does this mean? Answer: Without the Drug Court, an adult offender has a 43% chance of recidivating with a new felony within 8 years; with the Drug Court, the odds drop to about 38%. This finding is based on 57 rigorous studies conducted throughout the United States. What does this mean? Answer: The reduction in recidivism generates $5,640 per participant in benefits to taxpayers (reduced future criminal justice costs) and crime victims (reduced victimization). Drug Courts cost $4,245 more per person than regular court processing (court costs, treatment). Cog-Behavioral Treatment-6.3% (25) $10,299 ISP: surveillance-0.0% (23)-$3,747 ISP: treatment-17.1% (11)$11,563 Electronic Monitoring*-0.0% (9) $870 Family Int. Transitions-13.0% (1)$40,545 Aggression Repl. Trng.-7.3% (4)$14,660 Restorative Justice (low risk) -8.7% (21)$7,067 Adult Offenders Juvenile Offenders Pre-School* (low income) -14.2% (8)$12,196 Nurse Family Partnership*-36.3% (2)$27,105 Prevention Selected Results Why Focus on Juveniles? 73% of Adults in Washington’s Prisons have been in Washington’s Juvenile Justice System Functional Family Thpy.-15.9% (7)$31,821 Drug Tx in Prison (TC or out-patient) -5.7% (20) $7,835

Mod of 7 Results for Three Example Portfolios of Evidence-Based Options Long-run benefits minus costs$1.1 billion $1.7 billion $2.4 billion Benefit-to-cost ratio $2.45 $2.55 $2.60 Return on investment24%27%28% Crime Rate in 2020 (2005 rate = 52)48 49 Current LevelAggressiveModerateTaxpayer Summary Statistics 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000 CFC prison forecast and WSIPP extension Forecast with Current Level Portfolio Forecast with Moderate Implementation Portfolio Forecast with Aggressive Implementation Portfolio Existing Prison Supply & Rented Jail Beds Prison Supply & Demand in Washington: 2008 to ,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30, Prison Beds Current Prison Bed Forecast Current Level Portfolio “Moderate” Expansion Portfolio “Aggressive” Expansion Portfolio Existing Prison Supply & Rented Jail Beds 2 prison shortfall 3 Annual cost of portfolio$41 million $63 million $85 million

Total Evidence Based Practice EBP Portfolio Standardized Assessment Tool EBP Assignment Protocol Fidelity Assurance R & D

Politics Politicians like to be tough and punishment sounds tough – treatment soft Most funding streams are already earmarked or otherwise claimed by some existing program Prevention costs are local, savings accrue to state Implementation sounds easy; is really hard

Blueprints for Violence Prevention Greenwood, P.W., Changing Lives: Delinquency Prevention as Crime Control Policy, University of Chicago Press (2006) Greenwood, P. W. Prevention and Intervention Programs for Juvenile Offenders, The Future of Children vol. 18. no. 2, Fall 2008 Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice Mod 1 8