Introduction1-1 Data Communications and Computer Networks Chapter 6 CS 3830 Lecture 28 Omar Meqdadi Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering.

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Introduction1-1 Data Communications and Computer Networks Chapter 6 CS 3830 Lecture 28 Omar Meqdadi Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Wisconsin-Platteville

8: Network Security8-2 Chapter 8: Network Security Chapter goals: r understand principles of network security: m cryptography and its many uses beyond “confidentiality” m authentication m message integrity r security in practice (as much as we have time for): m firewalls and intrusion detection systems m security in application, transport, network, link layers

8: Network Security8-3 Chapter 8 roadmap 8.1 What is network security? 8.2 Principles of cryptography 8.3 Message integrity 8.4 End point authentication 8.5 Securing 8.6 Securing TCP connections: SSL 8.7 Network layer security: IPsec 8.8 Securing wireless LANs 8.9 Operational security: firewalls and IDS

8: Network Security8-4 What is network security? Confidentiality: only sender, intended receiver should “understand” message contents m sender encrypts message m receiver decrypts message Authentication: sender, receiver want to confirm identity of each other Message integrity: sender, receiver want to ensure message not altered (in transit, or afterwards) without detection Access and availability: services must be accessible and available to users

8: Network Security8-5 Friends and enemies: Alice, Bob, Trudy r well-known in network security world r Bob, Alice (friends) want to communicate “securely” r Trudy (intruder) may intercept, delete, add messages secure sender secure receiver channel data, control messages data Alice Bob Trudy

8: Network Security8-6 Who might Bob, Alice be? r … well, real-life Bobs and Alices! r Web browser/server for electronic transactions (e.g., on-line purchases) r on-line banking client/server r DNS servers r routers exchanging routing table updates r other examples?

8: Network Security8-7 There are bad guys (and girls) out there! Q: What can a “bad guy” do? A: a lot! m eavesdrop: intercept messages m actively insert messages into connection m impersonation: can fake (spoof) source address in packet (or any field in packet) m hijacking: “take over” ongoing connection by removing sender or receiver, inserting himself in place m denial of service: prevent service from being used by others (e.g., by overloading resources) more details later ……

8: Network Security8-8 Chapter 8 roadmap 8.1 What is network security? 8.2 Principles of cryptography 8.3 Message integrity 8.4 End point authentication 8.5 Securing 8.6 Securing TCP connections: SSL 8.7 Network layer security: IPsec 8.8 Securing wireless LANs 8.9 Operational security: firewalls and IDS

8: Network Security8-9 The language of cryptography symmetric key crypto: sender, receiver keys identical public-key crypto: encryption key public, decryption key secret (private) plaintext ciphertext K A encryption algorithm decryption algorithm Alice’s encryption key Bob’s decryption key K B

8: Network Security8-10 Symmetric key cryptography substitution cipher: substituting one thing for another m monoalphabetic cipher: substitute one letter for another plaintext: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ciphertext: mnbvcxzasdfghjklpoiuytrewq Plaintext: bob. i love you. alice ciphertext: nkn. s gktc wky. mgsbc E.g.: Q: How hard to break this simple cipher?:  brute force (how hard?)  other?