In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the Crusades Why? 1) Recapture the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks

2) Assist their Christian brothers in the Byzantine Empire who were under attack

3) Get the Feudal Lords of Europe to stop fighting each other and unite against a common enemy.

The First Crusade C.E. Actually conquered the Holy Land There were 4 main Crusades

 Edessa fell to Muslim Rule  Christians failed to re-take it 2 nd Crusade

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3 rd Crusade Saladin  Saladin had taken Jerusalem  Richard tried to take it back, failed Richard the Lionheart VS.

Philip II of France  Fredrick Barbarossa HRE

4 th Crusade The Sack of Constantinople  Attempt to re- take Jerusalem  Became involved in Constantinople instead, ended up sacking the (Christian) city

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After the 4 th …  Crusades continued, on a smaller scale  None had major impact

Effects of the crusades: The Rise of Trade New goods and info are brought back: sugar, spices, rugs, silks, foods, perfume, compass, astrolabe, etc …

Greek and Roman texts are brought back will be backbone of university system in Europe

Church Authority will be challenged (because their maps were wrong)

Money and Banking Systems were brought from the Middle East to W. Europe

The rise of cities Serfs fled manors to the cities which developed as trade centers

 Effects of the crusades: 1)New goods/items and info are brought back from the middle east: sugar, spices, rugs, silks, foods, perfume, compass, astrolabe, etc. 2)Greek and Roman Manuscripts are brought back which serve as the backbone of what will become a university system in W. Europe 3)Church Authority will be challenged because their maps were wrong 4)4) Money and Banking Systems were brought from the Middle East to W. Europe 5) The rise of cities Serfs fled manors to the cities which developed around trading centers.