Sentence Types Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

Types of Sentence Structure Simple sentence = ONE independent clause May have a compound subject or compound verb, but still only one main clause and no dependent clauses; may have phrases included, but still only one independent, main clause   Examples: Brian ran down the field. (1 subject and 1 verb) Hope and Kelsie talked and laughed all night. (compound subject and compound verb)

Types of Sentence Structure Compound Sentence - = A compound sentence has 2 or more parts that can stand alone (independent clauses) Can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS or by a semicolon   Examples: Hannah likes to read, but she likes to watch movies, too. Hunter wants to play baseball, or he might go out for golf, but he will always play football. Ryan plays the trumpet well; he practices every day of the week.

Complex Sentence = 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

Compound-Complex Sentences = at least 2 independent clauses (compound) and at least 1 dependent clause (complex) Examples: When I realized I was wrong, I apologized, but I still felt bad about it. Katie wanted a new puppy, and she asked her mom after she had cleaned her room thoroughly.

Compound-Complex Sentence This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand alone, and at least one that cannot. Conjunctions link the different parts of this sentence.

The Four Sentence Structures INDEPENDENT CLAUSES DEPENDENT Simple 1 Compound 2 or more Complex 1 or more Compound-Complex

8 PARTS OF SPEECH Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Pronoun Preposition Conjunction Interjection

Nouns refers to a person, place, thing, or idea.

Common and Proper Nouns A common noun names any person, place, thing or idea. Examples: Movie College A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing or idea. Furious 7 Florida State University

Verbs Defined A verb is a word that expresses… AN ACTION - Joey punched Sal in the face. A CONDITION - I feel pretty awful right now. A STATE OF BEING - I am thrilled at your news!

Categories 1. Action verbs 2. Linking verbs 3. Helping Verbs Three categories of verbs 1. Action verbs 2. Linking verbs 3. Helping Verbs

Action Verbs MENTAL PHYSICAL “Mr. Johnson thinks most of us are ready to take this test.” PHYSICAL “We worked hard on the grammar homework.”

Linking Verbs A linking verb does not express action like we think of “action” It links the subject of a sentence to a word in the predicate

Linking Verbs – 2 types Forms of the verb “to be” “I am happy.” “My shoes are wet.” Verbs that express condition “Dillon looks bored when we study grammar.” “Most of you seem intelligent.”

Verbs that express condition The Linking Verbs “to be” verbs is are am was were be been being Verbs that express condition seem remain become grow smell taste feel sound look appear

Linking or Action? Action Linking BE CAREFUL: The same verb can be linking or action, depending on how it is used! Action “The cook tastes the fish before serving it.” Linking “This fish tastes delicious.”

Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. ANSWERS FOUR QUESTIONS: ADJECTIVES Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. ANSWERS FOUR QUESTIONS: Which one? How much? How many? What kind?

How? When? Where? Adverbs describe, modify or change the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. They answer the questions: How? He ran quickly. When? She left yesterday. We went there. Where? To what degree? It was too hot!

Adverbs Modify Modify verb Modify adjective Modify adverb Ex: Good drivers turn the corner slowly. Modify adjective Ex: Really good drivers turn the corner slowly. Modify adverb Ex: Good drivers turn the corner very slowly.

Many adverbs end in –ly Many adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an adjective. Ex: happily, briefly, easily, quickly Beware of words ending in –ly that are not adverbs Examples: lovely, lonely, ghastly, and worldly These examples do not answer the question HOW? These examples are really adjectives!

Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone one, etc. Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those Personal/Possessive Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, we, us, our, ours it, its they, them, their, theirs myself yourself Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose

Prepositions A preposition is a part of speech that shows a relationship between two things. Location (on, under, in) Timing (before, after, during) Direction (from, toward, to)

Prepositions (cont.) Two things: mouse + table The mouse is on the table. Two things: mouse + table Relationship: one is on the other On is a preposition!

Prepositions (cont.) Two things: mouse + table The mouse is under the table. Two things: mouse + table Relationship: one is under the other Under is a preposition!

Some Common Prepositions aboard about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

Conjunctions are words that join words or groups of words. There are three main types: coordinating conjunctions subordinating conjunctions correlative conjunctions

There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use FANBOYS to remember for and nor but or yet so

Subordinating Conjunctions connect two complete ideas by making one of the ideas subordinate or less important than the other

Types of Conjunctions Correlative Conjunctions are not single words. They work in pairs. There are five pairs of correlative conjunctions: both….and whether….or neither….nor not only….but also either….or

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions I saw both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. I have neither pickles nor tomato on my hamburger. I don’t know whether to play baseball or to play basketball this year. Either the student or the teacher can answer the question. Not only do I play the flute, but I also play the clarinet.

Interjections are words that show emotions; usually end in an exclamation point. Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at that sunset! COMMON INTERJECTIONS aha good grief no well alas ha oh what awesome hey Oh, no whoops come on hooray oops wow gee look ouch yes

Interjections If an interjection is spoken calmly, simply put a comma after it and continue the sentence. Ex. Shhh, the baby is sleeping. Ex. Oh my, I dropped my pencil.

Interjections If an interjection is spoken with more emotion, it is followed by an exclamation point. The next word is then capitalized. Ex. Ouch! I just cut my finger. Ex. He scored the winning touchdown. Wow!