Status of ITS research May Peter Sweatman David Kapp

University role in ITS research n Current university role is subsidiary n Universities can assist ITS to be more transformative o Where will the transportation funding come from? New funding models needed. o Universities are safety leaders and safety must go global o Large sectors beyond “transportation” are interested in ITS (energy, environment, sustainability); universities already have multiple interests

Current University role is significant, yet subsidiary Universities have the capability to cover a) through c) at least Driver attention, response, behavior and attitudes are critical – major current university role – major data resources with minimal analysis Developing technologies and materials eg. wireless, cellular, sensors, intelligent materials Vehicle design and performance Infrastructure design, performance and maintenance Highway operations and traffic modeling a) Innovation and development b) Demonstration and evaluation c) Policy and standards d) Deployment

Researching the components of the system n Drivers (2) o We don’t understand how people drive n Vehicles (7) o Safety, advanced modeling, sensors, situational awareness n Infrastructure (4) o Traffic operations, asset management, safety, ITS n Information technology (9) o Mobile devices, networks n Energy/environment (5) o Powertrains, fuels, electrification, smart grid Intelli Drive

5 IVBSS Scope and Purpose n A 5 year effort to develop and field test integrated safety systems for passenger vehicles and heavy trucks n Safety systems will provide warnings for rear- end, lane change and road departure crashes in addition to arbitration of multiple crash threats o Forward crash warning, lane departure warning, lane change/merge warning, curve speed warning n Includes a one-year field test on public roads to determine system performance, safety benefits, and user acceptance

6 Light Vehicle Sensor Coverage Forward Crash Warning (FCW) Lateral Drift Warning (LDW) Lane-change/Merge (LCM) Curve speed Warning (CSW) Radar Vision

7 Nov 2005Nov 2006Nov 2008August 2010June 2008Feb 2009 Engineering Development Vehicles Prototype Vehicles Pilot Vehicles Extended Pilot FOT Data Collection Phase II – 27 months Phase I – 30 months Timeline - Vehicle Deployment

U.S. DOT Field Operational Tests Conducted by UMTRI Light Vehicles & Heavy Trucks – Multiple Systems Est. 750K mi 150+ drivers IVBSS Light Vehicles– Lane Departure/Curve Speed 137K mi, 78 drivers RDCW FOT Light Vehicles – Forward Crash/ACC 110K mi, 96 drivers ACAS FOT ACAS FOT (GM/Delphi/UMTRI) RDCW FOT (UMTRI/Visteon) Light Vehicles – ACC ICC FOT 131K mi, 108 drivers Heavy Trucks - Rollover 480K mi, 23 drivers RSA

n Simulates the movements of individual vehicles n Simulates interactions with o Road geometry o Other vehicles o Traffic signals o Variable message signs o Incidents o Pedestrians n Offers an extensive application programming interface o Allows a wide array of new functionalities to be modeled o Allows overriding of driver behavior models Modeling of IntelliDrive

U.S. DOT VII Proof-of-Concept Testbed Detroit Novi

IntelliDrive System Modeling Concept Simulation of RSEs using VMS Beacons Snapshot generation to be performed by vehicles Snapshots to remain within vehicle until upload by an RSE Applications associated with the network or specific simulation objects Data storage within link objects used a emulator of link-based database at a central server

Fuel economy Unemployment Price of gasoline The system we have now Historic reduction of 9000 fatalities We don’t know where the levers are

Carbon dioxide 1/Fuel economy Distance driven -12% -8%

Fatalities Distance driven

“System” data is at a primitive stage n Safety is trying to change human behavior in critical situations o Design of the interface between driver and technology n Avoiding unintended consequences n Setting standards o Minimum performance standards o Ratings o While technology rapidly evolves n Measuring effectiveness o Crash studies o Near-crash studies (eg. SHRP 2) o Warning rates from driver assist systems

Video Current Data Visualization

As we move to a system with defined end states and variables n This will be a complex system o Discontinuities, tipping points n We will need open data systems, not only for developers and entrepreneurs but also for to monitor the system state o Unintended consequences