Question 1 Sedimentary rock would be the easiest to erode – made up of eroded pebbles, sediments, forming in layers which make it weak in comparison to a solid mass of rock like igenous.

2 Degradation 1) Weathering – rocks worn down or broken up 2) Transportation – weathered material is moved by wind, water, ice, gravity 3) Aggradation – material being carried is laid down (Stops or deposited)

3 Gravity, Rivers, waves, glaciers and wind Glaciers has impacted southern ontario the most. There are many erosional and depositional (aggradation) features that have shaped the landscape –Ex. Oak Ridges Moraine, The great lakes, escarpment

4 1) Physical (Mechanical) – physical wearing down from water, ice, wind, fire 2) Chemical – Carbonic Acid (Acid vs. Basic) Water is the main reason for chemical weathering

5 Winter - Moderate Physical Spring - Moderate Chemical and slight physical Summer - very slight chemical Fall - Moderate Chemical and slight physical

7 Lots of precipiation Days of precipitation Moisture loosens the soil and lubricates it causing it to slide or move

8 Soil Creep

9 Pg. 209 Abrasion, Attrition, Corrosion, and Hydraulic pressure

10 When rocks erode at different speeds. (Victoria falls Case study) Water is very efficient at breaking down weak rock very quickly. This results in landscapes like Niagara falls.

11 Pg 209 Soluble, suspension, saltation, and traction

12 Meanders are in old and mature rivers because they stop focussing their energy on cutting down (like in youthful streams) and begin focussing their energy on getting wider, creating a flood plan. Why does this happen? Usually the gradient or slope is reduced in mature, and old streams so it begins to wind its way around the path of least resistance

12 We see erosion on the outside of the curve where the water is has a steeper bank because the water is traveling faster. On the inside of the curve the bank is not a steep and the water is not traveling as fast therefore we see deposits of sediment.

13 2.5% is fresh water 0.01 of the fresh water available is drinkable (easily accessible) the rest is frozen in glaciers, and is stored in ground water

14 Wetlands essentially are natures natural filter (think of them as a sponge that removes many toxins and pollutants in the water)

15 Watersheds make good political boundaries because you can control everything that is happening with the water in that system. (I.e. another municipality might have different laws associated with the treatment of fresh water.)

16 Completed Yesterday

17 Levees hold water inside the channel.

18 Levees can break and they will flood the surrounding areas

19 Root Causes: –Man made damns, lots and lots of abnormal amounts of rain Yes it could have been avoided if they never damned the river to being with

20 No because they have lots of meanders which as we know change through erosion

21 Aquifer - An underground reserve of water (or lake) Essentially an aquifer is a storage location for groundwater

22 Well water contains lots of minerals from the underground rock the water travels through

23 Groundwater discharge often feeds streams in the absence of precipitation

24 Large deposits of aggregate No chemical changes have altered the surrounding sediments Amount of soil prior to bedrock Abrasion evidence (scratching marks on bedrock) Unique landforms and unique plant/animal life Glacial erratics (large boulders)

25 Accumulation must be greater than ablation (melting) Basal Slip (water traveling at the base of a glacier to reduce friction and allow movement)

26 Isostatic rebound - land rising as a result of a weight being removed

27 Tourism Landforms Mining Agriculture

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