Lab 8 – Groundwater and Glaciers

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Lab 8 – Groundwater and Glaciers

Groundwater Definitions Water Table Zone of aeration (Undersaturated zone/vadose zone) Zone of saturation (Saturated zone/phreatic zone) Flow lines Aquifers Water table contour lines – indicate depth to water table, like a topo map

Aquifers Types of Aquifers Confined Unconfined

Wells/Cones of Depression

Wells/Cones of Depression

Groundwater Contamination Maybe be from large area or a point source Hard to trace path (unknown karst features, lithologies, etc.) May end up in unexpected location May have extremely long residence time

Karst Karst – distinctive topography that indicates dissolution of underlying rock (usually LS) Sinkholes Solution valleys (linear sinkhole) Springs Disappearing streams

Glacial Environments Glaciers – ice masses formed from the accumulation of snow Move down slope due to weight Transport sediment May advance or retreat depending on climatic conditions

Glacial Environments

Glacial Deposits Drift – deposits left behind after a glacier melts Till – unstratified drift (no water transport) Stratified drift (melt water transport)

Types of Glaciers Cirque glaciers – small, semicircular to triangular glaciers that form on the sides of mountains.

Types of Glaciers Valley glaciers – long glaciers that flow down stream valleys in the mountains. Piedmont glaciers – mergers of two or more valley glaciers at the foot of a mountain range.

Types of Glaciers Ice sheets – vast ice mounds that cover large portions of a continent (i.e., Greenland or Antarctica).