THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR QUIZZES and PRACTICAL TESTS. STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDYING THEIR MANUAL AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS.

Lab # 9 Urinary System

Functions of the Urinary System 1- Regulates blood composition and blood pressure, as well as body fluid composition and volume 2- Regulates blood pressure by releasing rennin, which activates the rennin-angiotensin mechanism that raises the blood pressure 3- Regulates some metabolic reactions by converting vitamin D to its active form 4- Releases erythropoietin, which increases production of red blood cells 5- Helps to regulate blood pH by controlling the loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in the urine 6- Helps to regulate calcium ion levels by producing calcitriol

Overview of the Urinary System

Stomach Pancreas Spleen Kidney External Anatomy Hylus Parietal peritoneum Renal artery Renal vein Ureter Spleen Kidney Renal capsule Adipose capsule Renal fascia It anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall It helps protect the kidneys from trauma and maintains the kidneys in place It protects the kidneys from trauma and infections

Internal Anatomy Renal column Cortex Parenchyma Medulla Renal pyramids Blood vessels Medulla Renal pyramids Renal sinus Renal lobe Renal papilla Minor calyx Renal pelvis Major calyx Ureter

3- Blood Supply to the Kidney Afferent arteriole Arcuate artery Nephron Interlobular or cortical radiate arteries Interlobar artery Segmental artery Renal artery Renal vein Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillaries Interlobar vein Venules Interlobular or cortical radiate veins Arcuate vein Interlobular or cortical radiate veins Interlobular or cortical radiate arteries Arcuate vein

Juxtamedullary nephron Cortical nephron Cortex Glomerulus Afferent arteriole Juxtamedullary nephron Efferent arteriole It receives most of the total renal blood flow Venule Peritubular capillaries Cortical radial vein Cortical radial artery Arcuate artery Corticomedullary junction Medulla Arcuate vein Vasa recta It receives 1% to 2% of the total renal blood flow

They are the filtering units of the kidney 2- Nephron Renal tubule They are the filtering units of the kidney Connecting tubule Renal corpuscle Collecting duct

(Simple squamous epithelium) 1- Renal corpuscle Bowman’s capsule Glomerulus Parietal layer (Simple squamous epithelium) Efferent arteriole Pedicels & filtration slits Arterial capillaries (Fenestrated endothelium) Capsular space Visceral layer (Podocytes) Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Macula densa Juxtaglomerular cells Proximal convoluted tubule Chemoreceptors that monitor the concentration of sodium Mechanoreceptors that monitor blood pressure and volume. They contain granules of renin Distal convoluted tubule Afferent arteriole

Lamina densa (basement membrane Capillary endothelial cell Filtration Membrane Lamina densa (basement membrane Capillary endothelial cell

Proximal convoluted tube Distal convoluted tube Renal Tubule Proximal convoluted tube Distal convoluted tube Connecting tubule Collecting duct Descending limb Ascending limb Papillary duct Loop of Henle

The Ureters

The Urinary Bladder

The Urethra