Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact Chapter 11 Byzantines, Russians, Turks Interact

Section 1 - Byzantine Western Rome collapsed – 476 AD Byzantine flourished (Constantinople) Justinian – had tried to regain lost Roman territory Ruled with absolute authority Spoke Greek (not Latin) *Justinian Code – legal code (life, property, marriage, slavery, inheritance, criminal justice, etc.)

Section 1 Byzantine Constantinople - Justinian transformed city Public works, cathedrals (Hagia Sophia) Baths, aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals **Preservation of Greek & Roman culture by scholars Busy markets, street fairs Hippodrome Theatre – chariots, musicians, races, performances Nika Rebellion – 30,000 fans slaughtered – mad that previous riot had been put down harshly

Section 1 - Byzantine After Justinian’s death, problems Plague (probably bubonic) At height (542 AD) – 10,000 per day died! 100 million people Invasions – Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Persians, Russians, Turks Finally fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453 End of Byzantine Empire

Section 1 - Byzantine Christianity – differs from east to west West – Pope was the leader East – Patriarch was the leader; Emperor had power over Church Issues over use of icons (religious images); riots (East supported, West did not) 1054 – Pope and Patriarch excommunicated each other – Christianity officially splits (schism) Catholic and Orthodox (p. 305)

Byzantine Contributions Preserved Greek culture/learning Adopted Roman ideas of law Preserved Christianity (Orthodox) Great center of wealth and trade Art, philosophy, science, literature, education Theatres, palaces, reservoirs (engineering & architecture)

Section 2 - Russia Much of Russia inhabited by Slavic farmers and traders; spoke similar language Vikings settled and mixed – became one Vladimir converts to Christianity (Orthodox) Kiev becomes major city – Christianity grows

Section 2 - Russia 1200’s - Mongols (fierce horsemen from central Asia) under Kublai Khan then Genghis Khan sacked Kiev Thousands slaughtered Mongol rule Allowed Christianity Demanded absolute obedience Demanded massive tributes (payments) Failed to conquer Japan – “kamikaze” divine wind Marco Polo spends 17 years traveling in China

Section 2 - Russia Princes emerge (in favor with Mongols) Ivan I moves capital to Moscow – city grows strong and wealthy Ivan III openly challenged Mongols – turning point – no real fighting but end of Mongol rule Took title czar

Section 3 - Turks Persians had moved into Baghdad (945) and put an end to power of caliphs Still religious leaders but no political power Turks growing in power (Anatolia) Herders, traders, raiders, great military skill Began converting to Islam and moving into Persian territory; eventually gained Persian support Eventually took over Byzantine Empire Had also fought Crusaders and Mongols