Bolsheviks (led by Trotsky and Lenin) overthrew Tsar in October Revolution Eventually there was widespread support, and the tsar abdicated Romanovs were executed

Provisional gov’t Petrograd Soviet - workers + soldiers who overthrow tsar - gov led by Mensheviks attempt to make gov more moderate but it was thwarted by radicals

Alexander Kerensky - Soviet who leads prov. gov’t puts in modern reforms: 8 hr day, organize/strike laws, freedom of speech, religion, etc. Army Order No. 1 - swap military with a soviet one How does this affect the nation? Alexander Kerensky - Soviet who leads prov. gov’t puts in modern reforms: 8 hr day, organize/strike laws, freedom of speech, religion, etc. Army Order No. 1 - swap military with a soviet one How does this affect the nation?

Vladimir Lenin led the October Revolution to nationalize banks and estates Rev. possible by professional soviet elites Kornilov (general in old army) attempted to overthrow gov’t Leads to fall of provisional government Vladimir Lenin led the October Revolution to nationalize banks and estates Rev. possible by professional soviet elites Kornilov (general in old army) attempted to overthrow gov’t Leads to fall of provisional government

Task force known as Politburo formed Lenin, Trotsky, Kamenev, Stalin, etc. Trotsky (leader of Sov. army) overthrows gov’t Nov. 7 Cheka created in December to eliminate dissent Task force known as Politburo formed Lenin, Trotsky, Kamenev, Stalin, etc. Trotsky (leader of Sov. army) overthrows gov’t Nov. 7 Cheka created in December to eliminate dissent

Bolsheviks lose elections in 1918, overthrow gov’t anyway Become Communist Party Bolsheviks lose elections in 1918, overthrow gov’t anyway Become Communist Party Stalin Lenin Kalnin

✓ Lenin’s “Reforms” ✓ Factories and land given to workers and peasants (Decree on Land) ✓ Russia out of war (Decree on Peace / Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) ✓ Move to Moscow ✓ Lenin’s “Reforms” ✓ Factories and land given to workers and peasants (Decree on Land) ✓ Russia out of war (Decree on Peace / Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) ✓ Move to Moscow

Ferdinand and Isabella consolidated royal power in Spain by?: A) creating a single political and governmental system for all their kingdoms. B) eliminating the power and privileges of the great nobles. C) appropriating a portion of church income. D) obtaining from the papacy the right to make major ecclesiastical appointments in Spain. E) all of these choices are correct. Ferdinand and Isabella consolidated royal power in Spain by?: A) creating a single political and governmental system for all their kingdoms. B) eliminating the power and privileges of the great nobles. C) appropriating a portion of church income. D) obtaining from the papacy the right to make major ecclesiastical appointments in Spain. E) all of these choices are correct.

✓ Bolshevik control led to Russian Civil War ✓ Red Army vs. White Army (old army) ✓ Peasants supported Reds ✓ Bolshevik control led to Russian Civil War ✓ Red Army vs. White Army (old army) ✓ Peasants supported Reds

✓ War Communism - total war w/ commie twinge ✓ nationalize land ✓ state control of production ✓ Cheka in full effect ✓ War Communism - total war w/ commie twinge ✓ nationalize land ✓ state control of production ✓ Cheka in full effect

✓ Commies win in 1921 ✓ create USSR ✓ Commies win in 1921 ✓ create USSR