 1. Preconditions of October revolution.  2. October revolution and establishment of soviet power in Kazakhstan

 The Great October Socialist Revolution was the official name for the October Revolution of 1917 in the Soviet Union.  A nationwide crisis had developed in Russia affecting social, economic, and political relations. Disorder in industry and transport had intensified, and difficulties in obtaining provisions had increased. Gross industrial production in 1917 had decreased by over 36 percent from what it had been in 1916.

 In the autumn, as much as 50 percent of all enterprises were closed down in the Urals, the Donbas, and other industrial centers, leading to mass unemployment. At the same time, the cost of living increased sharply. The country faced the threat of financial bankruptcy.

 On 1–4 May about 100,000 workers and soldiers of Petrograd, and after them the workers and soldiers of other cities, led by the Bolsheviks, demonstrated under banners reading "Down with the war!" and “All power to the soviets!" The mass demonstrations resulted in a crisis for the Provisional Government.

 By October 1917 there had been over four thousand peasant uprisings against landowners.

“End the war " “All land to the peasants" “All factories to the workers” “All power to the soviets."

 On October, 24 th, 1917 in Petrograd armed revolt has begun, and by morning of next day 25 th has been declared discharge of Provisional government, it meant transition of authority in hands of Council. The message about a victory of armed revolt in Petrograd and the statement there the Soviet authority has reached Kazakhstan, the establishment of authority of Council in region has begun.

 On October, 30 th a capture of authority in the hands has declared Council of working and soldier's deputies of Perovsk (Kzyl–Orda). On November, 6 th the authority to Council has passed in Aulie -Аta, peace by in the beginning of November the Soviet authority has been established in Chernyaev.  In December the Soviet authority has been established in Bukeev Horde, Petropavlovsk, Kokchetav, Atbasar, Kustanai.

In January, 1918 in Aktyubinsk; on January, 18 th in Orenburg, as a result of suppression of armed resistance of ataman(military leader) A. Dutov. Difficultly there was an establishment of the Soviet authority in Uralsk. The are Soviet authority has been proclaimed on January, 15 th 1918, but on March, 29 th was destroyed, is final it has been established with Civil war. The basic centers of resistance to Council were Orenburg, Uralsk and Semirechie region.

 Process of an establishment of the Soviet authority in Kazakhstan passed non-uniformly and unequally. It had a number of the features caused by social and economic development of region, arrangement of political forces. In a number of areas of region the establishment of the Soviet authority had long and bloody character, in some areas passed rather peacefully.

 Peaceful character Perovsk (Kzyl–Orda) Chimkent, Aulie-Ata, Bukei horde, Turkestan, Kokchetav, Akmolinsk, Atbasar,Petropavlovsk  Military character Aktyubinsk, Orenburg, Turgai region, Uralsk, part of Semirechie, Tashkent

 On 26th October, 1917, the All-Russian Congress of Soviets met and handed over power to the Soviet Council of People's Commissars. Vladimir Lenin was elected chairman of Bolshevik party. In 1917, two revolutions completely changed the fabric of Russia. First, the February Russian Revolution toppled the Russian monarchy and established a Provisional Government. Then in October, a second Russian Revolution placed the Bolsheviks as the leaders of Russia, resulting in the creation of the world's first communist country.

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