Gilad Segal

1995 AA 2005 “Technical Arrangement” 2013 The “Guidelines” 2012 ACAA 2009 Freeze of Upgrading 1975: first FTA Future: Labeling of products “Business warnings” + CSR? Initiatives calling to suspend the AA under article 2

May 2004: “Made in Israel?” ICCO and DanChurchAid launch a campaign “aimed to highlight the September 2015 Gymnich: FAC decides on Labelling. February 2005: the Technical Arrangement on Protocol 4 to the AA: AA does not apply to post 1967 areas. unlawful import of products from Israeli settlements”.

ACAA: Singed: May 2010; ratified: October “…A vote in favor of the protocol, on the other hand, would stand in stark contradiction to the 2009 EU decision to freeze the upgrade…” “Differentiation”: ECFR, July Upgrade freeze is not enough?

Trading Away Peace November NGOs call for sanctions against Israel, including: “prevent financial transactions to settlements and related activities.” “discourage businesses from purchasing settlement goods and from all other commercial and investment links with settlements.” “Guidelines for European tour operators to prevent support for settlement businesses.” July 2013 “Guidelines”, point 12(b): “In the case of financial instruments, Israeli entities will be considered eligible as final recipients if they do not operate in the territories…” July 2014: January 2013 HoMs Jerusalem 2012 report: “Develop and promote voluntary guidelines for EU tour operators to prevent support for settlement businesses in East Jerusalem”.

OrganizationCountryPolitical advocacyEU funding ICCONetherlandsFunds NGOs that are active in BDS, “right of return” / one state. €5,310,874 in 2012 DanChurchAidDenmarkMember of ACT Alliance, that promotes BDS. Funds NGOs that promote BDS, lawfare and antisemitism €950,000 in 2011 CWPIsraelBDS (with Who Profits), advocates European companies to divest, “Apartheid” rhetoric ₪379,627 (2012) ECFREU basedBDS₤21,701 (2013) CordaidNetherlandsBDSUnclear. EU Listed as partner. TrocaireIrelandPartners promote BDS, “right of return” / one state and antisemitism €2.8 Million (2012) Christian AidUKBDS. Funds “right of return” / one state€7.6 Million (2012/13) FIDHFranceBDS, Links to the PFLP. Supports groups that promote one state Not transparent “top public donor” Medico InternationalGermany & Switzerland Demonization. Grantees promote one state. Receives EU funding via ECHO, unclear amounts.

“ … the Cold War … ended with the internal collapse of norms rather than power of force. Thus a better understanding of the EU’s role in world politics might be gained by reflecting on what those revolutions tell us about the power of ideas and norms rather that the power of empirical force – in other words the role of normative power.” (Manners 2002) Article 21 TEU “The Union’s action on the international scene shall be guided by principles which have inspired its own creation … and which it seeks to advance in the wider world” – e.g. democracy, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms. Article 2 to EU Association Agreements The agreement is based on respect for human rights and democratic principles

Western Sahara: the EU does not distinguish between Morocco and Western Sahara; Fisheries Protocol signed in December 2013 and ratified by the EP, allowing European vessels to fish off the coasts of Morocco; No mentioning of Western Sahara. EU see Morocco as the de facto administrator of the territory. Northern Cyprus: The EU invests in infrastructure, social and economic development tourism and more. Since 2011 €30 Million are allocated annually; There are special programs helping the private sector, and establishing links between Turkish-Cypriot SMEs and the EU market; According to EU legislation: “… trade with the Areas [Northern Cyprus] follows the rules applicable to third countries.“ Kashmir: EU and India engages in talks over a free trade agreement, no mentioning of the regime to be applied to Kashmir products, despite rising reports of violations of human rights; No sanctions are in place and the EU does not condition its trade with India on the status of the Kashmir conflict.

Nagorno-Karabakh: although the EU does not recognize the independence of NK and persistently calls for respect of Azerbaijani territorial integrity, no evidence found for EU pressure through trade talks or other areas of relations with Armenia. Tibet: no sanctions, restrictions or special regulations on Chinese products or trade pertaining to the occupation of Tibet. Crimea: the EU adopted sanctions against Russia, including: Prohibition on imports originating from Crimea unless accompanied by a certificate of origin from the Ukrainian authorities. Investment in Crimea is outlawed. Further sanctions target Russian banks, individuals, and embargo the import and export of arms and related material.

“Differentiation”? Business warnings? Suspension of the AA? Sanctions against individuals? CSR? ENP Review 2015 – EU consults a wider variety of sources, condition its support, fights anti- normalization in the region?