Grammar Notes Honors English 9

 Sentence: a group of words that contains a subject and its predicate, and makes a complete thought. ◦ To say anything clearly, we must say two things: what we are talking about (subject) and what we are saying about it (predicate).  Each thought must have these two parts:  One Two  subject predicate  what we’re talking aboutwhat we’re saying about it  A fragment is an incomplete thought.

 The simple subject of the sentence is the noun or subject pronoun that the sentence is about.  The complete subject includes the simple subject and all of its modifiers.  Compound subject: a double subject: more than one noun or pronoun used as a double subject of the same clause

 Predicate: the verb and other words that are about the subject   Simple predicate = the verb.   Complete predicate = everything that is said about the subject.   Compound predicate: the subject takes more than one verb as its predicate. 

 Direct Object – a noun or object pronoun that receives the action of the action verb. DO ◦ It answers this question: What is the “thing” the Subject “Verbs”? ◦ Action verbs are called transitive if there is a direct object. ◦ S AV DO ◦ We walked the dog.  ◦ Action verbs are called intransitive if there is no direct object. S AV adverb We walked slowly.   Only object pronouns (e.g., him, her, us)may be direct objects.

 Indirect Object – ◦ a noun or object pronoun ◦ indirectly affected by the action verb ◦ located between the action verb and the direct object.  S AV IO DO  You gave me nothing.  NOTE: If there is an indirect object, there MUST be a direct object.  The indirect object is an alternative to using a prepositional phrase.  S AV DO (prep phrase)  You gave nothing to me.

 In your composition notebook, write 5 sentences using your current vocabulary words. Be sure that each includes an ACTION VERB.  For each sentence, label the subject (s), the simple predicate (v) and, if included, the direct object (DO) and indirect object (IO). ◦ Remember, not all sentences have direct objects. ◦ You will only have an indirect object if there is also a direct object. ◦ Not every sentence with a direct object has an indirect object as well.