Definitions Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and psychological wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease So, health is difficult to be measured and difficult to be achieved Health is interaction of heredity Environment Behavior

Occupation: Work one does to earn his bread Industrial medicine: Specialty of medicine dealing with diseases arising from and in the course of working in industrial settings Occupational medicine Specialty of medicine dealing with diseases arising from and in the course of working in any occupation(any job not limited to industry)

Occupational health: Is a promotion and maintenance of highest standard of physical, mental, social wellbeing of the workers in all occupations It includes all activities of preventive and curative medicine

Occupational disease: Medically: diseases arising from and in the course of occupation (with exception of malignant diseases) Legally: one of the diseases specified in the list of occupational diseases.

Occupational hygiene: Is applied science concerned with identification,measurement and appraisal of risk and control acceptable standards of physical,chemical and biological factors arising in or from workplace which may affect health of those at work or in the community.

Occupational health Characteristics: Importance of prevention Site of practice Group-centered practice Knowledge of other sciences and specialties Ethical issues Medico legal issues

Goals: Promotion Prevention of diseases and accidents) Treatment Rehabilitation

1)Promotion Health education, Nutrition, social service, psychological support

2)Prevention: Fitting the worker to the work: by Proper selection (PEE: pre employment examination) Training Transfer Personal protection PME: periodic medical examination Fitting the work to the worker: Proper work environment: Ventilation Lighting

Safe work environment Physically Chemically Biologically Socially Ergonomic designing Vaccination

3)Curative On site primary care services Secondary and tertiary care through referral

Occupational health team: Physician (Workers) Industrial hygienist Safety engineer (Work environment) (Machine)

Physician responsibilities: Team leader Knowledge of work environment Preplacement examination and periodic medical examination Treatment, education, rehabilitation Research

Hygienist responsibilities: Identification of material used and byproducts (MSDS) Measurements of these materials Control and nature of protective equipment Safety engineer: Reducing accidents

Types of hazards affecting workers health Physical: chemicals: Biological: Ergonomic: Noise dusts insects Posture Vibration fumes moulds movement Radiation fibers yeasts monotony heat and cold mists bacteria illumination pressure gases and vapors viruses and fungi unsocial hours

Environmental measurements: Isolation: Segregation Removal at source Ventilation Good housekeeping Substitution enclosure Monitoring

Medical measures: PEE PME Specific examination Personal measures: Health education Personal protective equipment Screening Organizational measures

Impairment: loss of function of an organ or part of the body(anatomically and physiologically) compared to what previously existed Disability: is the impact of impairment in work functions Handicapping: is the impact of impairment in the social life

Total disability: inability to do work due to a medical condition Partial disability: ability to do work but with limitations Temporary disability: when resolution of disability is expected Permanent disability: when a significant improvement is expected, or when the condition is not changed over one year Impairment not necessary cause disability

Dust : solid particles generated by handling crushing and grinding Fumes : solid particles generated by condensation from gaseoa to liquid state Mists: suspended liquids generated by condensation from gaseous to liquid state or by dispersion of a liquid Vapours: gaseous form of substances that are normally in solid or liquid state and can be changed to their states by increase pressure or decrease tempreture

Gases Smoke,Aerosols Particulates fibers