Unit 7: Creek & Cherokee Nations ( )

KIM Vocabulary Strategy K =Key Vocabulary Word Example: William McIntosh I = Information/Definition Example: On February 12, 1825, Chief William McIntosh secretly sold the last of the Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S. government for $200,000. M =Memory Cue or picture Example: Creek Indian Chief Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, New Echota, Sequoyah, Elias Boudinot, John Ross, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, Indian Removal Act, and Trail of Tears

Alexander McGillivray Chief Alexander McGillivray led the Creek Indian tribes in Georgia. Treaty of New York In 1790, President George Washington & Chief McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York. In this treaty, the Creek Indians gave up all of their land east of the Oconee River (near Athens, GA). Instead the U.S. government started removing Creek Indians off of their land in Georgia.

William McIntosh As more and more of the Creek Indian land was given to the U.S. government, Creek tribes became separated from each other. There was little chance for the Creeks to talk and trade with each other. On February 12, 1825, Chief William McIntosh secretly sold the last of the Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S. government for $200,000. Groups of Creek Indians beat, stabbed, & scalped Chief McIntosh for secretly selling away the Creeks’ land to the USA.

Gold Rush in Georgia White settlers continued to move into northern Georgia, because of the attraction to: 1.Rich land 2.Timber 3.Other natural resources In 1828, gold was found near Dahlonega, GA. This caused a rush of people to arrive and caused the Cherokee to be removed off their land.

Sequoyah I760-George Gist, also known as Sequoyah was born. syllabary He created the Cherokee alphabet or syllabary, which are symbols that stand for whole syllables. syllabary The Cherokee alphabet or syllabary has 86 symbols.

Worcester v. Georgia General Assembly On December 22, 1830, the General Assembly passed a law stating that a white person could not live on Cherokee land without taking an oath of allegiance to the governor. Samuel Worcester New Echota 11 white people refused to sign the oath, including the Reverend Samuel Worcester (postmaster of the New Echota post office) The 11 people were jailed…chained together and made to walk from the North Georgia Mountains to Lawrenceville, GA. Then they were sentenced to serve 4 years at the state penitentiary in Milledgeville. Governor George Gilmer agreed to pardon any of them, who would sign the oath of allegiance…Only 2 of the prisoners refused to do so. Chief Justice John Marshall Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler took their case to the U.S. Supreme Court…Chief Justice John Marshall rendered his decision ordering Worcester and Butler set free (they won)! However, Georgia’s Governor Gilmer refused to accept the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, and so did the next incoming governor (Governor Wilson Lumpkin). Worcester and Butler gave up. Governor Lumpkin pardoned them and banned the two men out of Georgia forever. Governor Lumpkin took the Cherokee land in North Georgia and divided up. In 1832, Georgia held a land lottery and distributed this land out to Georgia’s white males.

John Ross Chief of the Cherokee Indians. He tried to save Cherokee land from being taken by both the Georgia General Assembly and the U.S. government during the 1830s-1840s.

Andrew Jackson Elected president of the USA in Indian Removal Act was passed in Congress and $500,000 was set aside to enforce it. reservations All Native Americans were moved to western land called reservations. Choctaws were removed 1 st in 1831, then the Cherokees were last to be removed in 1838.

Anuna-da-ut-sun’y Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y Army General Winfield Scott and his soldiers were ordered to remove all (15,000+) Cherokee from their land in North Georgia. In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to walk 800 miles from New Echota (Calhoun, GA) to the new Indian Territory (Oklahoma). During this 3 months winter walk, many (4,000+) of the Cherokee and their animals died from starvation and from colds.

Trail of Tears Map

References Blankenship, G. and Wood, V. (2009). Georgia CRCT test prep: 8 th grade Georgia studies. Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press, Inc. Klein, P. and Pascoe, C. (2005). Georgia: In the American experience. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, Inc. London, B. B. (1999). Georgia: The history of an American state. Montgomery, AL: Clairmont Press.