B 邱冠霖 Michael

Brain Storming  Do you think a criminal did the crimes again and again is only a habit or a strange action in your mind ？  Do you think an injury of the mind will change one’s character ？ What kind of injury?

Vocabulary  subarachoid [ ͵ s ʌ bə ˋ rækn ɔɪ d] adj. 蛛網膜下的  hemorrhage [ ˋ h ɛ mər ɪ d ʒ ] n. 出血  rupture [ ˋ r ʌ pt ʃɚ ] n. vt., vi. 破裂  aneurysm [ ˋ ænjə ͵ r ɪ zəm] n. 動脈瘤  pericallosal [ ͵ perikə ˋ l ɔ səl] adj. 胼胝體周圍的  ignition [ ɪ g ˋ n ɪʃ ən] n. 點火開關  accumulate [ə ˋ kjumjə ͵ let] vt., vi 累積  vicinity [və ˋ s ɪ nət ɪ ] n. 鄰近地區  lock up [l ɔ k ʌ p] ph. 拘禁

 misdemeanor [ ͵ m ɪ sd ɪˋ min ɚ ] n. 輕罪  idleness [ ˋ a ɪ d!n ɪ s] n. 懶惰 ; 閒散  assessment [ə ˋ s ɛ smənt] n. 評估  prefrontal [pri ˋ fr ʌ nt!] adj. 前額葉的  semantic [sə ˋ mænt ɪ k] adj. 語義學的  phonemic [fo ˋ nim ɪ k] adj. 音的  lesion [ ˋ li ʒ ən] n. 器官損害  relapse [r ɪˋ læps] n.,vi. 復發  premorbid adj. 發病前的  detrimental [d ɛ trə ˋ m ɛ nt!] adj. 有害的  obsessive [əb ˋ s ɛ s ɪ v] n. 強迫症患者

Main Idea  The man in the article had no medical and psychiatry history before. However, his strange behavior after a surgery of the brain cause physicians and psychiatrist to find out that they are associated with the brain damage.

Supporting Info.1  Before surgery ： He had no medical and psychiatric history, and had never been in trouble.  During the surgery ： The right pericallosal artery is clipped.  After surgery ： He repeatedly borrow cars(suffered from a compulsive urge), but he knows that it is illegal.

Doubts  What do think about the man’s behavior of borrowed cars though he knows that it is illegal?

Supporting Info.2  He couldn’t hold a job for more than a month, owing to his unpunctuality and the consequences of his compulsion.

Supporting Info.3  Clinical examination Normal  Neuropsychological Normal  Prefrontal function Normal  CT-scan A small lesion in the right orbitofrontal paramesial region.  Single-photon emission CT greatly reduced blood flow in the same region.

Question  Do you know what is CT scan and Single-photon emission CT ？

Supporting Info.4  A mesial orbitofronal cerebral lesion induces dramatic behavioral changes which were sharp contrast with this man’s premorbid personality.

Doubts  What functions you think they belongs to this part of brain ？

 Ans ： The human OFC is among the least-understood regions of the human brain; but it has been proposed that the OFC is involved in sensory integration, in representing the affective value of reinforcers, and in decision-making and expectation.In particular, the human OFC is thought to regulate planning behavior associated with sensitivity to reward and punishment.

Question for discussion  Do you think his symptoms are caused by the fault of surgery ？  What is being done now to cure his problem ？

Brain Storming  Do you think it is easy to make the judgment of the extent of one’s brain injury ？

Vocabulary  complaint [kəm ˋ plent] n. 疾病  traumatic [tr ɔˋ mæt ɪ k] adj. 創傷的  amnesia [æm ˋ ni ʒɪ ə] n. 記憶缺失  concussive [kən ˋ k ʌ s ɪ v] adj. 給與衝擊的  sequela [s ɪˋ kwilə] n. 後遺症  lethargy [ ˋ l ɛ θ ɚ d ʒɪ ] n. 無精打采  tinnitis [t ɪˋ na ɪ təs] n. 耳鳴  verdict [ ˋ v ɝ d ɪ kt] n. 裁決

Main idea  First of all, the attorney doesn’t know about TBI. After they know, the jury and attorney both find that it is hard to judge its extent. Although the technology is developing, it is still difficult to have a verdict of the extent of TBI.