C ENTRAL D OGMA OF M OLECULAR B IOLOGY DNA Transcription and Translation.

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Presentation transcript:

C ENTRAL D OGMA OF M OLECULAR B IOLOGY DNA Transcription and Translation

T HE C ENTRAL D OGMA DNA is safe in the NUCLEUS, protected by the nuclear membrane A gene is copied (transcribed) into mRNA {{messenger RNA}} mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome (rRNA or ribsomal RNA), where the instructions of the mRNA are read and the protein is constructed (translated). Materials (amino acids) are brought to the ribosome by tRNA {{transfer RNA}}

C ENTRAL D OGMA NucleusRibosomes DNA mRNA mRNA tRNA Amino AcidsProteins TranscriptionTranslation (being transcribed)(being translated)

DNA VS. RNA Double stranded Bases are A,T,C,G Sugar is deoxyribose Found in nucleus Single stranded Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T) Sugar is ribose Found in nucleus and cytoplasm

S OME VOCABULARY Transcription: when DNA is copied onto a complementary strand of mRNA Translation: the construction of a protein from the instructions of the mRNA. This happens at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Here mRNA codons match with tRNA anticodons to bring amino acids. Codon: a sequence of 3 nucleotides that specify a particular amino acid in the mRNA Anticodon: the complementary sequence of 3 nucleotides on tRNA matched to mRNA

P RACTICE MAKING A PROTEIN DNA : TAC AAA GGC GAT GCA ATT mRNA : {{tRNA anti-codons}} Amino acids: (Use p. 172 in your textbook) AUG UUU CCG CUA CGU UAA