What is “Abnormal Psychology”? AP psychology: Mental, behavioral, developmental & personality disorders AP psychology: Mental, behavioral, developmental & personality disorders The study of human thinking and behaviors that deviate significantly from the norm cause distress to the person or people around him/her are pervasive and present over time

Categorizing and diagnosing abnormal behaviors: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V to be released in 2013) 5 axes of diagnosing disorders – evidence of clinical syndrome? – evidence of personality disorder or mental retardation? – evidence of general, non-abnormal medical condition? – evidence of psychosocial or environmental issues for which there is high correlation with disorders? – GAF score: How well does person function in daily life? (0 = highly impacted; 100= high functioning, disorder minimal impact on person’s ability to live “normal” life) What does manual NOT cover? – etiology (causes) – treatments Why not? – too controversial because of the multiple-perspectives differing opinions!

Symptoms hallucinations Irrational thought sadness fear anti-social mood swings Dangerous behaviors “breaks” from reality Hear voices Compulsive behaviors Unwanted thoughts Eccentric behaviors No self-esteem Uncontrolled rage criminal behavior

Etiology? Genetics? Relationships? Toxins? Traumatic experience? Injury? Illness/virus/bacteria Neglect? Abuse? The answer depends upon the perspective! Biopsychologists, psychotherapists, behaviorists, cognitivists and humanists all take a different approach to explaining causes. The answer depends upon the perspective! Biopsychologists, psychotherapists, behaviorists, cognitivists and humanists all take a different approach to explaining causes. Poverty?

Incidence rates Vary by country/culture—highest rates for many in USA Vary by disorder (ranges between 0.1%-16%) Vary by gender, socioeconomic status and age Hard to know exact numbers because some go undiagnosed (personality disorders and others who may not seek treatment) while others possibly over-diagnosed (ADD, ADHD, conduct disorders) Vary by country/culture—highest rates for many in USA Vary by disorder (ranges between 0.1%-16%) Vary by gender, socioeconomic status and age Hard to know exact numbers because some go undiagnosed (personality disorders and others who may not seek treatment) while others possibly over-diagnosed (ADD, ADHD, conduct disorders)

Many different kinds of disorders… Eating—Bulimia, anorexia, overeating, 6-min orthorexia video cliporthorexia video clip Somatoform—presenting true physical symptoms of illnesses or neurological disorders without suffering the actual illness/disorder; having unrealistic perception of one’s own body (body dysmorphia part 2); hypochondria Clip(body dysmorphia part 2Clip Dissociative—when a person separates his/her conscious self from his/her body (includes amnesia, “multiple personality”/dissociative identity disorder, out-of-body experiences) Clip Sybil (start at 3 minutes) 60 Minutes clip DID (3-min) HBO MPD (1-hour video)Clip Sybil60 Minutes clip DID HBO MPD (1-hour video

Still more types of disorders… Psychosis—mental break from reality, includes visual and auditory hallucinations, delusion (irrational beliefs), (schizophrenia clip 12-min 2 parts), Post-Partum Depression with psychosis (warning: this clip is disturbing and involves a mother killing her children) (schizophrenia clipPost-Partum Depression with psychosis

…and finally the rest! Mood—extreme sadness or variable moods with no environmental trigger (e.g. bipolar Sheen interview)Sheen interview Anxiety—extreme irrational fear (phobias), worries, obsessions, compulsions, PTSD, panic attacks, OCD video clip, hoarding clipOCD video cliphoarding clip Impulse control: OCD, trichotillomania cliptrichotillomania clip

Neurosis or psychosis? Neurosis: outdated term (taken out of DSM in 1980) used to describe anxiety related disorders. Psychosis: break from reality via delusions, hallucinations. Considered more severe than neurosis. Includes schizophrenia and other delusional disorders (e.g. PPD with psychosis).

Childhood Disorders: A variety of disorders that begin in childhood ADD/ADHD—inability to focus, concentrate, must move New discoveries in neuroscience New discoveries in neuroscience (6 minutes –ADHD treatment) Conduct disorder (naughty kid) Autism/Asperger’s (spectrum: highly functioning to non-verbal) Video clipVideo clip Oppositional Defiant (very naughty kid!) Separation Anxiety Disorder—extreme fear of being away from mommy/daddy—leads to uncontrollable crying, tantrums Tourette/OCD—uncontrollable urges to move or speak, repetitive motions, odd noises, compulsions, unwanted thoughts Tourettes (video clip)Tourettes (video clip)

Personality Disorders: Behaviors or mental processes that deviate significantly from the norm and impair the person’s life; disorder’s impact on person’s ability to lead healthy, stable life can vary from mild to extreme 3 categories: Odd, dramatic, anxious

Personality Disorder Category 1: Odd/eccentric Paranoid Schizoid (do not confuse this with schizophrenia!) Schizotypal Fearful, suspicious of others Loner, lack of emotions Belief in magic, flying saucers, loner Odd personality disorders are GENETIC NOT environmental!.5% - 2.5% of American population has 1 of these “odd” personality disorders Odd personality disorders are GENETIC NOT environmental!.5% - 2.5% of American population has 1 of these “odd” personality disorders Treatments: Many who suffer from these disorders do not seek treatment; Social skills therapy, anti-psychotics for schizotypals

Personality Disorder Category 2: Dramatic/emotional Anti-social, conduct disorder (psychopath) (video Psychopath part 1Psychopath part 2 part 3 part 4 part 5 Borderline video clip 4 min. Histrionic video clip 4 min Narcissist video clip 4 min. Lack of regard for moral, legal standards; serial killers, rapists Lack of self-identity, rapid mood changes, impulsive, unstable relationships “Drama queen”, exaggerates all emotions, attention seeking, sexual promiscuity Someone who thinks he’s all that, unable to see other’s feelings or viewpoints, need for admiration

Personality disorder Category 3: Anxious/fearful Avoidant Dependent OCD Intensely shy, sensitive <1% population has this Extreme dependence on others, unable to make decisions for self, fear of being alone approx 2% population has it similar characteristics to OCD, but not as severe

Odds-n-ends: Other interesting disorders Locked in syndrome (4 min) Locked in syndrome Catatonia (3.5 min) Catatonia Top 10 rare/interesting disorders (1.5 min) Top 10 rare/interesting disorders Munchausen by proxy syndrome clip Savants "Piano Man” clip "Piano Man”