North relies on industry and commerce and the South rely on plantations and agriculture North - Industry South- Agriculture

Major export of the South is cotton South invests in slave labor, not industry Cotton plant

most Southerners do not own slaves and resent the rich slave owners

many Northern workers and immigrants opposed slavery because it took away jobs and was an economic threat to them 2

many in the North who considered themselves abolitionists were still racists RACIST – having prejudice based on race

Slave owners defended the owning of slaves by saying they were actually helping the African Americans by giving them shelter, food and religion

WILMOT PROVISO – a bill to outlaw any slavery in land obtained from the war with Mexico 3

territories will be able to decide whether they want to be a free or slave state - POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY 4

It passed in the House of Representatives but not the Senate Created a new political party called the FREE SOIL PARTY 5

California wants to enter as a free state – this would upset the balance of power between free and slave FREE STATES SLAVE STATES 6

COMPROMISE OF 1850 – a plan offered by Henry Clay, a senator from Kentucky Henry Clay 7

DANIEL WEBSTER – Senator from Massachusetts who supports the Compromise of 1850 Daniel Webster 8

STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS – Senator from Illinois, was in charge of passing the Compromise of 1850 Stephen A Douglas

COMPROMISE OF 1850 – a temporary solution to the free state / slave state debate as the nation grew

Compromise of 1850: 1)California enters as a free state and slave trade is abolished in Washington D.C. FREE = 9

Compromise of 1850: 2) Congress agrees to not pass any laws about banning slavery in areas received in the Mexican War and pass tougher fugitive slaves laws

SLAVERY IN 1860

The Fugitive Slave Act brought the issue of slavery to the North Northerners now had to face the slavery issue 10

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT - a law that said slaves could be arrested without an arrest warrant and brought back to their owner in the South

Southerners felt the Fugitive Slave Act was justified because slaves were viewed as property

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE - author of Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin, an important book to the abolitionist movement 11

President Lincoln once met her and said: “ So, you ’ re the lady that started this whole war. ”

UNLCE TOM ’ S CABIN - a novel about a runaway slave escaping to the North, makes people aware of the issue of slavery, sells hundreds of thousands of copies 12

the plot of Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin is the story of the life of a slave named Tom Includes some stories of escapes to freedom

the Nebraska Territory was now the new controversy

Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois proposes the KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT to create Nebraska and Kansas Territories 13

Each territory will be able to decide whether they want to be a free or slave state - POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

Kansas – Nebraska Act would replace the Missouri Compromise in deciding free or slave states

people for and against slavery now moved to this area to be able to vote on this issue 14

Many people voted illegally and fights break out in Kansas - this becomes known as “ BLEEDING KANSAS ” An attack on Lawrence becomes known as the “ Sack of Lawrence ” BLEEDING KANSAS 13 15

JOHN BROWN is in Kansas and begins to become a strict abolitionist He will become an important figure later 16

17 Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts is attacked on the floor of the Senate and hit over 30 times with a cane by a slavery supporter An attack even happened in Congress 17

ATTACK ON SENATOR SUMNER ON FLOOR OF THE SENATE

DRED SCOTT – an African American who had been a slave and moved by his master to a state where slavery was illegal 18

DRED SCOTT CASE – Scott sued for his freedom, claiming that since he was held as a slave where it was illegal he should be free (1857)

Supreme Court ruled that Scott was not an American citizen because he was a slave and thus could not sue Northerners were outraged and Southerners were happy 18