DO NOW Write about a time when someone judged you based on what you look like instead of how you are.

Persuasive Devices Continued Testimonials 1 Bandwagon 2 Loaded Words 3 Name Calling 4 Card Stacking 5 6 False Syllogism

Name Calling  Calls others names, puts them down, or tries to show them up in order to make themselves look better  Aka: mud slinging  Example: “Our competitor’s products break down, fall apart, and just don’t do the job. Our product works perfectly!”  Why does this work?

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Card-Stacking Presenting only facts that support one side; not telling the whole story Examples: “Students should not have to wear uniforms because they are ugly, uncomfortable, and limit individual expression.” “Barack Obama is the best President ever because he supports the right issues.”

What is Bias?  Bias is an opinion about whether a person, group, thing, or idea is good or bad, which influences how you deal with it  It is similar to prejudice  Someone or something that is biased is one-sided

How do you find bias?  Step 1: Look for any information you know about the creator/author (What does the author or creator want you to do? You may not always be able to find this information.)  Step 2: Look for specific word choice that shows an opinion (hint: should is word that expresses feeling or opinion)  Step 3: Decide what the author’s opinion of the subject is (example: positive, negative, for, against, and so on)

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Premise : a statement upon which an argument is based; supporting details for an argument Conclusion : a position or opinion that a person comes to after listening to an argument False Syllogism An argument made of two premises and a conclusion, where the premises do not actually lead to the conclusion Example: “National awards are given to great teachers. Mr. Weinstein has never won a teaching award. Therefore, Mr. Weinstein is not a great teacher.” “Kids eat lots of ice cream in the summer. Kids drown in pools during the summer more than any other month. Ice cream makes kids drown in pools.” Remember: Just because two things are related doesn’t mean one caused the other. Watch out for arguments that try to trick you by making you think that a problem is caused by something that’s not actually related to it at all. Remember: Just because two things are related doesn’t mean one caused the other. Watch out for arguments that try to trick you by making you think that a problem is caused by something that’s not actually related to it at all.

Generalization  A generalization is a statement about all the members of a group that may be true in some or many situations but is not true in every case.  EX: Mr. Weinstein can’t dance, so all white people can’t dance.

 REMEMBER!  Generalizations lead to false conclusions!  d-news/ video-campaign-ad- racist-republican-senate-candidate- for-nevada-sharron-angle-says-no

Practice  Using your whiteboard, write down the correct answer to each question.

Practice with Author’s Bias  Which sentence shows the author’s bias?  A. The talent show is on Wednesday.  B. On Wednesday, there will be a talent show at 6:30 pm.  C. The talent show at Gallup High will be on Wednesday at 6:30 pm.  D. The amazing talent show with great acts will be on Wednesday at 6:30pm.

Answer: D D. The amazing talent show with great acts will be on Wednesday at 6:30pm.  Why?  Word choice that expresses an opinion:  The amazing talent show with great acts will be on Wednesday at 6:30pm.  Opinion appears positive  Therefore, the author is biased toward the talent show

Practice with Author’s Bias  Which sentence shows the author’s bias?  A. Video games can be played alone or with friends.  B. Video game makers spend a large amount of time creating the games we play.  C. Video game makers are very lazy and should get a real job.  D. Video game systems are common in the American household.

Answer: C C. Video game makers are very lazy and should get a real job.  Why?  Word choice that expresses an opinion: Video game makers are very lazy and should get a real job.  Opinion appears negative  Therefore, the author is biased against video game makers

Practice with Author’s Bias  Which sentence shows the author’s bias?  A. Sonic, with its disgusting food, should be closed down.  B. Sonic serves many different types of soda and food.  C. Sonic is about to begin serving food 24 hours a day.  D. Sonic can make a burrito over 1 million ways.

Answer: A A. Sonic, with its disgusting food, should be closed down.  Why?  Word choice that expresses an opinion:  Sonic, with its disgusting food, should be closed down.  Opinion appears negative  Therefore, the author is biased against Sonic (anyone agree?)

Definition: Puts opponent or company down and talks trash about them

Name Calling

Definition: Presenting only facts that support one side; not telling the whole story

Card Stacking

Definition: An argument made of two premises and a conclusion, where the premises do not actually lead to the conclusion

False Syllogism

My opponent is a flip-flop man who cannot make up his mind. He changes mind with the breeze! How could anyone follow such a weak-willed flip-flopper?

Name Calling

 Jared lost a lot of weight and he eats Subway. All people who eat Subway will lose weight.

False Syllogism

“Sacramento politicians like Jerry Brown are fighting me every step of the way because I’m running for governor to clean up the mess he’s made.” -Meg Whitman

Name Calling

 A medicine commercial spends 30 seconds showing how the product is guaranteed to cure the common cold. In the last five seconds a large list of side-effects is shown in small type that can not be read entirely.

Card Stacking