Homer: The Odyssey (Volume A). Homer (8th century B.C.E. )

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Homer: The Odyssey (Volume A)

Homer (8th century B.C.E. )

Mycenean Greece and the Orient

Trojans/ Troy Myceneans syllabary language Bronze Age

Map for the Odyssey

length content: historic, mythic motifs divine intervention heroic flaw orality and performance, writing language magical or legendary objects Elements of Epic Writing

in media res (“Of the cunning hero…After he plundered Troy’s sacred heights” I:2–3) invocation (“Speak, Memory” I:1) epic/ Homeric simile epithet (“Dawn’s pale rose fingers”) ekphrasis Literary Devices

Background “andra” (man) females: Calypso, Sirens, Scylla, Penelope, Circe, Nausicaa mythical lands: Lotus Eaters, Cyclopes, Phaeacia real places: Sparta, Ithaca

Eris

Odysseus (angry, hated, cursed) Polyphemus (much-named) Penelope (duck face) Telemachus (distant fighter) Circe (bird) Nausicaa (burner of ships) Naming Conventions

glory (kleos) reciprocity (negative reciprocity) (charis) valor guest–host hospitality (xenia) loyalty, piety, filial respect (eusebeia) duty (aidos) Ancient Greek Values

Cyclopes

Test of the Bow

“Start carrying out the bodies, and have the women help you…when you have set the house in order, take the women outside…slash them with swords until they have forgotten their secret lovemaking with the suitors” (XXII: 462–69). “These women, their heads hanging in a row, the cable looped around each of their necks. It was a most piteous death” (XXII: 494–96). Execution of the Maids

The Conjugal Bed

How do ancient Greek values of heroism and appropriate behavior compare to those promoted in other ancient works and in your current culture? Discussion Questions

Are women, according to Homer’s epic, to be trusted, cherished, feared, or treated as possessions? How does this compare to the treatment of women in other ancient epics, as in Gilgamesh and the Ramayana? Discussion Questions

Visit the StudySpace at: For more learning resources, please visit the StudySpace site for The Norton Anthology Of World Literature. This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for The Norton Anthology of World Literature

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