Research Methods in Translation and Interpreting Studies I Cohesion

Cohesion Cohesion Coherence “the network of lexical, grammatical, and other relations which provide links between various parts of a text” (Baker 1992:181) “the ways in which the components of the surface text, i.e. the actual words we hear or see, are mutually connected within a sequence” (Beaugrande & Dressler 1981:3) Coherence “the ways in which the components of the textual world, i.e., the configuration of concepts and relations which underlie the surface text, are mutually accessible and relevant” (Beaugrande & Dressler 1981:4)

Cohesion Cohesive devices (Halliday & Hasan 1976) Reference Substitution Ellipsis Conjunction Lexical cohesion Other approaches (Beaugrande & Dressler 1981; Hoey 1988,1991)

Cohesion Reference “the relationship of identity which holds between two linguistic expressions” (Baker 1992:181) Mrs Thatcher has resigned. She announced her decision this morning (Personal reference: pronouns) Mrs Thatcher has resigned. This delighted her opponents (items such as this, those, the)

Cohesion Co-reference Not strictly textual Chain of co-textual elements Mrs Thatcher – The Prime Minister – The Iron Lady - Maggie

Cohesion Continuum of cohesive elements of reference Repetition Synonym Superordinate General Word Pronominal Reference

Cohesion Substitution an item (or items) is replaced by another item (or items). In English do, one and the same are common. I like movies. And I do.

Cohesion Ellipsis In ellipsis an item is replaced by nothing Joan bought some carnations, and Catherine some sweet peas (ellipted item: bought in second clause).

Cohesion Conjunction “the use of formal markers to relate sentences, clauses and paragraphs to each other” (Baker 1992:190) Additive Adversative Causal Temporal Continuatives (misc.)

Cohesion Lexical cohesion “the role played by the selection of vocabulary in organizing relations within a text” (Baker 1992:202) Reiteration Collocation Lexical chains (Socialism, Communist, East)

Cohesion Shifts of cohesion In translation (Blum-Kulka 1986) Shifts in levels of explicitness (explicitation hypothesis) Shifts in text meaning In simultaneous interpreting (Shlesinger 1995) Analysis of cohesive ties

Cohesion References Alexieva, Bistra (2001) ‘Interpreter-Mediated TV Live Interviews’, in Yves Gambier and Henrik Gottlieb (eds) (Multi)Media Translation, Amsterdam & Philadephia: John Benjamins, 113-124. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1986) ‘Shifts of cohesion and coherence in translation’. In Juliane House & Shoshana Blum‑Kulka (eds.) Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse and Cognition in Translation and Second Language Acquisition Studies. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, 17-35. Brown, Gillian and George Yule (1983) Discourse Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cohesion References (cont.) Chen, Wallace (2006) Explicitation of Connectives in Translated Chinese – A Corpus-based Study. Doctoral Dissertation, Manchester: Centre for Translation & Intercultural Studies, University of Manchester. Chueca Moncayo, Fernando J. (2005) ‘The Textual Function of Terminology in Business and Finance Discourse’, JoSTrans - The Journal of Specialised Translation 3 (Online): http://www.jostrans.org/issue03/articles/chueca.htm. Collet, Tanja (2004) ‘What’s a term? An attempt to define the term within the theoretical framework of text linguistics’, Linguistica Antverpiensia NS3: 99-111.

Cohesion References (cont.) De Beaugrande, Robert and Wolfgang Dressler (eds) (1981) Introduction to Text Linguistics, London & New York: Longman. Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hasan (1976) Cohesion in English, London & New York: Longman. Hoey, Michael (1991) Patterns of Lexis in Text, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Károly, Krisztina and Kinga Klaudy (2000) ‘The Text-organizing Function of Lexical Repetition in Translation’, in Maeve Olohan (ed) Intercultural Faultlines. Research Methods in Translation Studies I: Textual and Cognitive Aspects, Manchester: St. Jerome, 143-159.

Cohesion References (cont.) Kirk, Sung Hee (2005) Cohesion Shifts in English-Korean Translation. Doctoral Dissertation, Manchester: University of Manchester, Centre for Translation & Intercultural Studies. Krein-Kühle, Monika (2002) ‘Cohesion and Coherence in Technical Translation: The Case of Demonstrative Reference’, Linguistica Antverpiensia NS1: 41-53. Lotfipour-Saedi, K. (1997) ‘Lexical Cohesion and Translation Equivalence’, Meta 42(1): 185-192. Shlesinger, Miriam (1995) ‘Shifts in Cohesion in Simultaneous Interpreting’, The Translator 1(2): 193-214.