The Activity Series Text Reference: 3.3 (pg )

ry-11.htmhttp:// ry-11.htm

We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO 4  Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Li + H 2 O  LiOH + H 2 Such experiments reveal trends. The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe+ CuSO 4  Ni+ NaCl  Li+ ZnCO 3  Al+ CuCl 2  Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li 2 CO 3 Cu + AlCl 3

H is the only nonmetal listed. H 2 may be displaced from acids or can be given off when a metal reacts with H 2 O (producing H 2 + metal hydroxide). The reaction with H 2 O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: will Mg react with H 2 O? NR A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H 2 O  H 2 + ZnCl 2 Complete these reactions: Al + H 2 O(steam)  Cu + H 2 O  Ca+ H 2 SO 4  Na+H 2 O  H 2 + Mg(OH) 2 H 2 + Al(OH) 3 H 2 + CaSO 4 H 2 + NaOH Q: Zn + HCl 

All metals will have a specific place in the activity series. The metals near the top of the activity series are more reactive because their valence electrons are more easily removed. On tests and exams you will refer to your reference sheet for activity you must remember that Li is reactive, Au is not. If the valence of a metal is not indicated in the question, use its most common valence (in bold on your periodic table) to determine the correct chemical formula. Other Activity Series Information

The Activity Series of the Halogens Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Halogens can replace other halogens in compounds, provided that they are above the halogen that they are trying to replace. 2NaCl(s) + F 2 (g)  2NaF(s) + Cl 2 (g) MgCl 2 (s) + Br 2 (g)  ??? No Reaction ??

1.On the next slide, place a check in the corner of boxes where you think reactions will take place. 2.Get a plastic spot plate. 3.Combine chemicals specified in the chart. Figure out a way to keep track of the chemicals. Use a ¼ scoop for solids (the less, the better). Use 1 squeeze of an eyedropper for solutions. 4.Write chemical equations for chemicals that reacted. Write NR where there was no reaction. 5.Dump used chemicals into the large funnel at the front of the room (use a squirt bottle to rinse remaining chemicals into the funnel). Wash the spot plate and glass rod very well. Dry & return. Activity series lab

MgCuZn Mg + AgNO 3  Ag+ Mg(NO 3 ) 2 NR Cu + AgNO 3  Ag+ Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Zn + AgNO 3  Ag+ Zn(NO 3 ) 2 AgNO 3 H 2 SO 4 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 CuCl 2 Mg + H 2 SO 4  H 2 + MgSO 4 Zn + H 2 SO 4  H 2 + ZnSO 4 Mg+ Fe(NO 3 ) 3  Fe+ Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Zn+ Fe(NO 3 ) 3  Fe+ Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Mg + CuCl 2  Cu + MgCl 2 Zn + CuCl 2  Cu + ZnCl 2

Oxides form via the addition of oxygen: K + O 2  K 2 O K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au Oxides Oxides plus H 2 (with heat) will change to metal and H 2 O: NiO + H 2  Ni + H 2 O Oxides decompose with heat: HgO  Hg + O 2 The formation and behavior of oxides can also be predicted via the activity series. Complete these reactions: Ca + O 2  Au + O 2  Fe 2 O 3 + H 2  heat CaO Fe + H 2 O NR

For all questions write the relavant balanced chemical equation(s). Use NR to indicate if there is no reaction. If the valence of a metal is not indicated in the question, use the metal’s most common valence (indicated in bold on your periodic table) to determine the correct chemical formula. Pg. 68 #9a, 10, 11, 12, 8, 18 Read 5.6 and 5.7 (pg. 61 – 64) More practice

Answers a) – d), 9, 10 a)Mg + 2HCl  MgCl 2 + H 2 b)Zn + CuCO 3  ZnCO 3 + Cu c)Ag + H 2 SO 4  NR d)CuO + H 2  H 2 O + Cu 9a) Yes: 2Cr + 6HCl  2CrCl 3 + 3H 2 10 No reaction with water at any temperature Ni + 2HCl  NiCl 2 + H 2 2Ni + O 2  2NiO

Answers 11, 12, 8, 18 11PbO + H 2  Pb + H 2 O NiO + H 2  Ni + H 2 O Al 2 O 3 + H 2  NR 12a)2Rb + H 2 O  Rb 2 O + H 2 2Rb + 2HCl  2RbCl + H 2 4Rb + O 2  2Rb 2 O 12b)No, 12c) No 82Al + 3H 2 O  3H 2 + Al 2 O 3 (protective coat) 18WO 3 + 3H 2  W + 3H 2 O For more lessons, visit