Benzene Barbora Bakajová Tereza Šimšová

What is benzene?

Benzene an organic chemical compound an organic chemical compound a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell a known carcinogen a known carcinogen a component of gasoline a component of gasoline production of drugs,plastics, synthetic rubber, and dyes production of drugs,plastics, synthetic rubber, and dyes flammable - hořlavý flammable - hořlavý

History was discovered in 1825 by the English scientist Michael Faraday was discovered in 1825 by the English scientist Michael Faraday he isolated it from oil gas and gave it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. he isolated it from oil gas and gave it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. In1833, the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich produced it by the distillation of benzoic acid and lime. In1833, the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich produced it by the distillation of benzoic acid and lime.

Symbols Two version: Two version: 1) the delocalised electrons are represented by a circle within the hexagon 1) the delocalised electrons are represented by a circle within the hexagon 2) the Kekulé form where alternate single and double bonds are shown. 2) the Kekulé form where alternate single and double bonds are shown.

Structure structure is called a resonance hybrid. structure is called a resonance hybrid. mesomeric structure mesomeric structure

This delocalisation of electrons is known as aromaticity, and gives benzene great stability This delocalisation of electrons is known as aromaticity, and gives benzene great stability

Properties molar mass:78,11 g/mol molar mass:78,11 g/mol density:0,8786 g/cm 3 density:0,8786 g/cm 3 phase: liquid phase: liquid melting point:5,5 °C (278.6 K) melting point:5,5 °C (278.6 K) boiling point:80.1 °C (353.2 K) boiling point:80.1 °C (353.2 K) viscosity:0.652 cP at 20°C viscosity:0.652 cP at 20°C molecular shape :planar molecular shape :planar

Uses an industrial solvent and degreasing metal an industrial solvent and degreasing metal increases the octane rating increases the octane rating derivatives of benzene : derivatives of benzene : - styrene :polymers and plastics - styrene :polymers and plastics - phenol :resins and adhesives - phenol :resins and adhesives - cyclohexane :nylon manufacture - cyclohexane :nylon manufacturedegreasing-odmašťováníresins-pryskyřice

Reactions of benzene 1)S R halogenations of alkyl benzene side-chain 1)S R halogenations of alkyl benzene side-chain 2)A E addition on C=C of alkyl benzenes 2)A E addition on C=C of alkyl benzenes 3)A R reduction of aromatic hydrocarbons 3)A R reduction of aromatic hydrocarbons 4)S E Ar Friedel Crafts alkylation,acylation 4)S E Ar Friedel Crafts alkylation,acylation 5)Oxidation of alkyl benzene side-chain 5)Oxidation of alkyl benzene side-chain

Reaction of benzene Friedel-Crafts alkylation S E Ar Friedel-Crafts alkylation S E Ar the Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the alkylation of an aromatic ring (such as benzene) and an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid catalyst. the Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the alkylation of an aromatic ring (such as benzene) and an alkyl halide using a strong Lewis acid catalyst.

Health effects breathing :very high levels →death,also headache, tremors, confusion,…. breathing :very high levels →death,also headache, tremors, confusion,…. eating or drinking foods containing high levels: eating or drinking foods containing high levels: irritation of the stomach, convulsions, rapid heart rate, and death convulsions irritation of the stomach, convulsions, rapid heart rate, and death convulsions chronic effect :damages bone marrows,leads to anemmia chronic effect :damages bone marrows,leads to anemmia tremor-třes tremor-třes convulsion-křeč convulsion-křeč bone marrow-kostní dřeň bone marrow-kostní dřeň

Sources wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene Organic chemistry-lectures(VUT) Organic chemistry-lectures(VUT)

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