Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Water and Osmotic Regulation

Advertisements

Controlling the Internal Environment II: Salt and water balance

Osmoregulation = keeping water and salt balanced in the body Question 1: why is this important – Come up with three reasons Question 2: What water and.

Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.

CHAPTER 44 REGULATING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section C: Water Balance and Waste.

Ionic and Osmotic Balance. Ion & Water Balance Kidneys are main organs of ion & water balance Gills, skin, digestive mucosa all help with ion and water.

Osmoregulation Diffusion and Osmosis Osmoregulation Osmoregulation in bony fish.

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Osmotic Regulation and ExcretionChpt 44, all Next lecture circulation Chpt 42, all.

1 An albatross can drink salt water – how can they do this without getting sick?!

24-1 e. Kidney Function (1) Glomerulus: filtration (2) PCT: tubular reabsorption (3) Loop of Henle (a) descending loop: filtrate concentrates (b) ascending.

BIOLOGY 457/657 PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE & ESTUARINE ANIMALS February 18, 2004 Osmoregulation in Marine Vertebrates.

Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion. Fig Selectively permeable membrane Net water flow Hyperosmotic side Hypoosmotic side Water Solutes.

CHAPTER 26 MAINTAINING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT. HOW THE ANIMAL BODY MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis may be defined as the dynamic constancy of the.

Osmoregulation = keeping water and salt balanced in the body

1 Maintaining the Internal Environment Chapter 49.

Animal’s Urinary and Osmoregulatory systems. Paramecium Paramecium live in freshwater and have a problem of water being transported into them because.

Define adaptation a characteristic of an organism which allows it to survive in its environment natural selection results in evolutionary adaptations name.

Freshwater animals show adaptations that reduce water uptake and conserve solutes Desert and marine animals face desiccating environments that can quickly.

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Homeostasis the steady-state physiological condition of the body Ability to regulate the internal environment important for proper functioning of cells.

Lecture #11 – Animal Osmoregulation and Excretion

Maintaining a water balance Animals

Osmoregulation = keeping water and salt balanced in the body Question 1: why is this important –Come up with three reasons Question 2: What water and salt.

Waste Removal & the Human Urinary System

Animal Physiology – Osmoregulation & Excretion (Lecture Version) Chapter 44.

Excretion AP Biology Unit 6.

Physiological Thermoregulation few fishes--tunas & lamnid sharks fish are active --generate heat rete mirabile for heat exchange & conserv. fish are large--low.

Osmosis Osmosis and Terminology Ion and Osmotic Balance Across Aquatic Habitats and Animal Groups 2/19 and 2/25/08.

Osmoregulation and Excretion

1 An albatross can drink salt water – how can they do this without getting sick?!

Lecture 15 Outline (Ch. 44) I. Homeostasis II. Water Balance

Planktonic organisms – drifting organisms Marine environment unique to different habitats.

Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Osmoregulation in non-mammalian vertebrates.

Hypo-osmotic - Hypo-ionic Regulation Medium osmolarity (mOsm) ECF osmolarity (mOsm) e.g. Uca, Artemia marine teleosts.

Osmoregulation and Excretion Water Balance and Waste Disposal Excretory Systems.

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Mouth Food CO 2 O2O2 ANIMAL Digestive system Respiratory system Circulatory system Urinary system Heart Interstitial fluid Body cells.

Excretion to external environment (through kidneys, lungs, gills, digestive tract, or body surface, e.g., sweat, tears, sloughed skin) Metabolically consumed.

Homeostasis the steady-state physiological condition of the body Dynamic constancy of the internal environment important for proper functioning of cells.

Osmoregulation The solute and water content of the internal environment must be regulated. Known as osmoregulation.

The Urinary System 1. Human urinary tract diagramurinary tract diagram 2.

Chapter 6, lesson 3 Water balance and waste.  Your body works to keep a normal balance of water. When you sweat a lot  drink more to replace lost water.

1 Osmoregulation The solute and water content of the internal environment must be regulated. Known as osmoregulation.

Osmoregulation Part 2. Monday On Monday we covered 3 negative feedback loops that regulate water balance Today: we will cover some of the adaptations.

OSMOREGULATION AND EXCRETION Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Osmoregulation and excretion 1)Osmoregulation balances the uptake and loss of water and solutes 2)An animal’s nitrogenous wastes reflect its phylogeny.

Chapter 51 Lecture 21 Salt and water balance, and nitrogen excretion Dr. Tony Michael.

1. 2 Sylvia S. Mader Concepts of Biology © Zanichelli editore, 2012 Sylvia S. Mader Immagini e concetti della biologia.

Chapter 4. Osmoregulation

Lesson Overview Lesson OverviewExcretion Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.

Maintaining Water Balance - Animals Chapter 22. Adaptation & Water Balance Adaptations allow living things to be well suited to their environment Adaptations.

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Water and Ions Membranes surround cells Epithelia surround tissues

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Homeostasis and Water Balance

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.

Lesson Overview 27.4 Excretion.

INTESTINE SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE Split up intestine functions

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Excretion Section 27.4.

Fish Heart Amphibian and some Reptiles heart.

How does an albatross drink saltwater without ill effect?

EXCRETORY SYSTEM.

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Aspects of Marine Animal Physiology

Natural History of Sharks, Skates, and Rays

Natural History of Sharks, Skates, and Rays

Presentation transcript:

Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Extrarenal mechanisms of osmoregulation

Lecture summary Fish: gills Amphibians: Integument/urinary bladder Reptiles and birds: Salt gland/lower intestine Mammals: Nasal exchange + kangaroo rat

Marine teleosts

Marine teleosts- chloride cells Operation Na/K pump Na/Cl/K cotransporter Na and Cl transported into seawater Chloride cell (note mitochondria)

Freshwater teleosts Pavement cells pump Na+ into blood Pavement cell Chloride cell

Amphibians Permeable integument High rates of respiration and EWL Desert adapted frogs

Amphibians Permeable urinary bladder Recycling water-urine is more concentrated

Reptiles Salt gland location Supraorbital Lingual NaCl or KCl Salt secretion droplets

Reptiles & birds-salt gland Salt gland cells

Salt gland Function (same as chloride cell) Na/K pump Na/Cl/K cotransporter Na and Cl transported into environment

Reptiles: Lower Intestine Cloaca Urinary bladder in reptiles only Purpose: Na+, K+, Cl-, water absorption

Birds: Lower intestine Cloaca (temporary storage organ) No urinary bladder Purpose: Na+, K+, Cl-, water absorption

Mammals Strategies Keep mouth closed Nasal countercurrent exchange

Nasal countercurrent exchange

Mammals Desert adaptations

Reptile water budget Intake: drinking 25%, food 52%, metabolic 23% Outlet: feces/urine 36%, evaporation 58%, salt gland 6%

Bird water budget Intake: drinking 93%, food 2%, metabolic 5% Outlet: feces/urine 64%, evaporation 36%, salt gland ?? (data from ostrich - no salt gland)

Mammals Intake: drinking 69%, food 4%, metabolic 26% Outlet: feces 7%, urine 50%, evaporation 43%