Warm-Up “A major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck southern Haiti in Jan 2010, knocking down buildings and power lines and inflicting a catastrophe for the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation.” …However, a 7.0 magnitude has also hit California without causing as much damage.  Why do you think Haiti had more damage even though the earthquake was the same intensity?  *Explain using a 5+ sentence paragraph

Haiti and Chile: A Tale of Two Earthquakes “The 8.8-magnitude earthquake that hit Chile early on Feb. 27 was 500 times stronger than the 7.0 quake that killed an estimated 200,000 Haitians last month. And yet the number of casualties in Chile appears to be exponentially smaller, with the official death toll still in the hundreds. Far fewer people were rendered homeless than in Haiti, and much of the telephone service in Santiago and parts of central Chile had been restored within five hours”

What type of destruction occurs from Earthquakes? LANDSLIDES FIRES TSUNAMIS

Destruction from Earthquakes Tsunamis: –A tsunami triggered by an earthquake occurs where a slab of the ocean floor is displaced vertically along a fault. –It can also occur when the vibration of a quake sets an underwater landslide in motion.

Landslides: –With many earthquakes, the greatest damage to structures is from landslides and ground subsidence, or the sinking of the ground triggered by vibrations. –Liquefaction occurs when soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid, causing foundations to collapse.

Fires: –The greatest destruction is often caused by fires when gas and electrical lines are cut and water lines are also broken, so the fire can’t be stopped. –More than 100,000 people died in fires from a 1923 earthquake in Japan.

Announcements Last opportunity to complete Unit 2 Test corrections (after finishing Unit 3 Test) Tutoring after-school today (Thursday) from 2:30-4:30pm –Unit 3 Test Preparation –Unit 1, 2, & 3 Make-up assignments & labs Be sure to complete all unfinished review assignments & study, study, study!!!

Test Overview-50 Questions Layers of the Earth & Convection (10 Qs) Plate Boundaries (10 Qs) Volcanoes (10 Qs) Earthquake Anatomy (10 Qs) Earthquake Waves (10 Qs) Must complete all Unit 3 Review Assignments before test

Plate Tectonics/Pangaea Lithosphere ( crust + upper mantle ) Asthenosphere ( semi-solid mantle ) Crust (oceanic/continental) Mantle Convection currents (Density) Core Convergent Boundary ( mountains, subduction zone, ocean trenches, volcanoes ) Divergent Boundary ( oceanic ridges, rift valleys ) Transform Boundary (EQs) Elastic Rebound Theory Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Composite Cone Volcano Viscosity ( 3 factors ) Caldera Lava plateau Volcanic neck Pyroclastic materials Seismograph P waves ( primary ) S waves ( secondary ) Surface waves

LAYERED REVIEW C LEVEL: Vocabulary foldable & Review worksheet B LEVEL: (Choose one for 90pts) Cross-word, poster of Earth’s Layers, Rap/song/poem w/ vocab A LEVEL: (Choose one for 100pts) 10 MC questions, Review sheet (w/ all important info), Review game 10

Epicenter = S wave – P wave

Read units carefully (kilometers on top, miles on bottom) If the epicenter is 1500 miles away, the S wave and P wave are 4 minutes apart If the S wave and P wave are 5 minutes apart, the epicenter is 2000 miles away

A = Continental Crust B = Oceanic Crust C = Lithosphere D =Asthenosphere E = Mantle F = Outer Core G = Inner Core H = Crust

THIS IS

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Layers of the Earth Convergen t Boundary Divergent Boundaries Transform Fault Boundaries Earthquakes 100

What is the thin, rocky, outermost layer of the Earth Layers of the Earth 100 question A 100

The Crust A 100

Layers of the Earth 200 Question A 200 Which layer of the Earth is solid and rocky but semi- solid in some areas due to high heat or low pressure?

The Mantle A 200

This is the major source of heat in the center of Earth, made up of iron-nickel A 300 Layers of the Earth 300 question

The Core A 300

Layers of the Earth 400 Question A 400 Which layer of Earth is semi-solid, where convection occurs, allowing the plates to move?

Asthenosphere A 400

This specific layer is made up of both the crust and uppermost mantle A 500 Layers of the Earth 500 Question

Lithosphere A 500

Convergent Boundaries100 question B 100 What plate motion do we see at convergent boundaries?

Plates collide/come together B 100

What 3 major geological features are associated with Convergent Boundaries? B 200 Convergent Boundary 200 Question

1)Mountains 2)Volcanoes 3)Ocean Trenches B 200

What affect do Convergent Boundaries have on the Lithosphere/plate? B 300 Convergent Boundaries300 Question

Lithosphere is destroyed B 300

What is the specific name of the convergent boundary where oceanic crust is forced beneath continental crust, and lithosphere is destroyed? B 400 Convergent Boundaries 400 Question

Subduction Zone B 400

Name at least one real world example of a convergent boundary. B 500 Convergent Boundary500 Question

Hawaiian Islands Himalayan Mountains Appalachian Mountains B 500

Divergent Boundaries100 Question C 100 Describe the movement of plates at a divergent boundary.

Plates divide, split apart, separate C 100

Divergent Boundaries200 Question C 200 What is at least one major geologic feature that you would find at a divergent boundary?

Oceanic Ridge Rift Valley C 200

SURPRISE JEOPARDY! What type of volcano typically has a shorter lifespan with only 1 major eruption. This volcano is smaller with steeper sides. Divergent Boundary 300 Question C 300

Cinder Cone Volcano C 300

C 400 Divergent Boundary 400 Question How is new lithosphere created at a divergent boundary?

C 400 Rising magma cools and hardens into rock

C 500 Divergent Boundaries 500 Question JEOPARDY SURPRISE: How does viscosity effect the size of a volcanic eruption? (How does a more viscous and less viscous lava behave?)

More viscous lava will have a more violent eruption, exploding upwards. Less viscous lava will simply flow over the volcano’s edge, producing no major eruption C 500

Transform Fault Boundaries100 Question What plate movement do we see at transform fault boundaries? D 100

Plates slide/grind past each other

Transform Fault Boundary 200 Question Is lithosphere created or destroyed at a Transform Fault boundary? D 200

NIETHER!! It is neither created nor destroyed

Transform Fault Boundary300 What geologic process do we see at Transform Fault Boundaries? D 300

Earthquakes!

Transform Fault Boundary 400 What is the name of the large transform fault boundary in California? D 400

The San Andreas Fault D 400

Transform Fault Boundary 500 SURPRISE JEOPARDY: What three ways do Earthquakes result in major damage, apart from the actual shaking of the ground? D 500

Fires, landslides, and tsunamis D 500

How do the travel times of S waves and P waves compare? E 100 Earthquakes100

P waves travel faster than S waves OR P waves arrive first, S waves arrive second E 100

What are three other names for a P wave? E 200 Earthquakes 200

Push-Pull Wave Compressional Wave Primary Wave E 200

E 300 Earthquakes 300 What is the SP Time interval on the seismograph reading below?

15-20 seconds E 300

What is the theory that describes the reasons why earthquakes occur? (What is the main cause of earthquakes?) E 400 Earthquakes 400

Elastic Rebound Hypothesis E 400

What is the difference in travel times (the S-P Interval) if the seismic station is 3000 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake? E 500 Earthquakes 500

E min