Malaysian Colonialism Pat Morgan

Pre-Colonialism Influenced heavily by Inida – Hinduism and Buddhism Srivijaya: 7 th to 13 th – Melaka Straits and Malay coasts Melaka: 14 th to 16 th – Singapore Island – Taken over by Portuguese Johor: 16 th to 18 th – Alliance with Dutch – Portuguese Melaka fell to the alliance – Sultan Mahud is asssssinated Bugis: 18 th – Overtake Johor

British Colonialism: 19 th Century British East India Company occupied Penang, Wellesley, and Singapore. Treaty of London: 1824 – Divided Malaysia between Dutch and British – British took Straits Settlements – Dutch took Sumatra and everything below. Straits Settlements – Singapore, Penang, Wellesley, Melaka – Chinese and Indian workers – Singapore population reached 80,000 Sarawak – Rebellion threatened Brunei – Man named James Brooke assisted the Sultan – Given territory rule, granted title of Raja

Pangkor Treaty: 1874 British profited from Malaysian tin exports Sultan of Perak – Died in 1871 – Quarrels over rightful successor – Interrupted tin exports – Raja Abdulla claimed to be heir – British make Abdulla a deal. Pangkor Treaty: 1874 – British recognize Abdulla as Sultan – Abdulla appoints a British advisor British use Abdulla’s trust to dominate Malaysian politics.

British Malaysia British expand influence – Malaysian states are persuaded to join federation in 1895 – Brunei, Sarawak, and North Borneo become protectorates in 1888 – Northern Malay states are absorbed in early 20 th century Industry: early 20 th – Rubber industry boomed – Tin industry continued – Oil industry began in Singapore – Economy prospered in 1920s – Economic depression in 1930s Immigration – Strong economy attracted Chinese workers – Later, depression caused restrictions on immigration

World War 2 Japanese invade: December 8, 1941 – Quickly overran it – British troops withdrew to Singapore – Surrendered on February 15, 1942 Japanese occupy Borneo – Capture Kuching on December 25 – Capture Jesselton on January 8 Until their defeat in WW2, Japanese controlled Malaysia Treated Chinese immigrants in Malaysia harshly.