Government in Southern and Eastern Asia -Ways governments distribute power -Ways leaders are chosen and citizen participation

Ways governments distribute power (national & regional)

Unitary O A form of government in which power is held by ONE CENTRAL AUTHORITY O Examples: China and Japan

Confederation O Voluntary associations of independent states that agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action, yet establish joint consultation or deliberation O Examples: None in this region

Federal O A form of government in which power is divided between ONE CENTRAL AND SEVERAL REGIONAL AUTHORITIES O Examples: India and Malaysia

Different ways how leaders are chosen AND how citizens participate in their government

Autocracy O Government in which one person possesses unlimited power AND the citizen has little if any role in the government O Absolute monarchy O Dictatorship O Example: North Korea

Oligarchy O Government by the few AND the citizen has a very limited role O Example: China

Democracy O Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections O Examples: Japan and India

Parliamentary Democracy O Type of democracy having the real executive power composed of member of the legislature (no separation of executive and legislative branches). May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature. O Examples: Japan (Emperor of Japan is purely ceremonial. Prime Minister is head of the Diet.) and India (President is ceremonial; prime minister is head of government.)

Presidential Democracy O Type of democracy in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature (executive branch is separate from legislative branch). O Example: Indonesia

Check your knowledge… 1. In Japan, the prefectures (like states) do not have any independent authority. Instead, they carry out the laws and policies of the national government. This is an example of what system of government? A. Unitary B. Confederation C. Federal D. Parliamentary

Check your knowledge… 1. In Japan, the prefectures (like states) do not have any independent authority. Instead, they carry out the laws and policies of the national government. This is an example of what system of government? A. Unitary*** B. Confederation C. Federal D. Parliamentary

2. How does a democratic government differ from an oligarchic government? A. Role of the citizen B. Law making process C. Judicial System D. Role of individual states

2. How does a democratic government differ from an oligarchic government? A. Role of the citizen*** B. Law making process C. Judicial System D. Role of individual states

3. In a parliamentary government, unlike the presidential system, the head of government belongs to which branch? A. Judicial B. National C. Executive D. Legislative

3. In a parliamentary government, unlike the presidential system, the head of government belongs to which branch? A. Judicial B. National C. Executive D. Legislative***

O A national government as well as 28 state governments O The leader of each state legislature’s majority is appointed governor by the president O Citizens of each state elect state legislatures 4. Based on the information above, which term identifies India’s government? A. communist state B. constitutional monarchy C. federal republic D. autocratic confederation

O A national government as well as 28 state governments O The leader of each state legislature’s majority is appointed governor by the president O Citizens of each state elect state legislatures 4. Based on the information above, which term identifies India’s government? A. communist state B. constitutional monarchy C. federal republic*** D. autocratic confederation

O The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state O The prime minister is the head of government O The government’s true power lies with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet 5. Based on the information above, which term identifies Japan’s government? A. communist state B. constitutional monarchy C. federal republic D. autocratic confederation

O The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state O The prime minister is the head of government O The government’s true power lies with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet 5. Based on the information above, which term identifies Japan’s government? A. communist state B. constitutional monarchy*** C. federal republic D. autocratic confederation

Federal Republic of India O Chief of State = President O Elected by electoral college (5-yr. term) O Head of Government = Prime Minister O Head of majority party in legislature O ALL citizens over 18 may vote for legislators O Individual states are more tightly controlled by the central government than states in the United States.

The People’s Republic of China O Chief of State = President O Elected by the National People’s Congress O Head of Government = Premier O Head of Chinese Communist Party (ruling party)

China O China is called a republic O True power lies with the ruling Communist Party. O There are elections for the National People’s Congress O But there is truly only one political party, the Chinese Communist Party.

Constitutional monarchy of Japan O Chief of State = Emperor of Japan O Little/no power—a “symbol of the state” O Head of Government = Prime Minister O Prime Minister and Cabinet of Ministers hold all executive power O Universal voting rights for all adult citizens

O Chief of state includes the name and title of the leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions, but who may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government. O Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. O In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.