Unit 13

 Prepositions = word that relates a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence  The boy by the window is French.  By shows the relationship of boy to window

AboutBeforeDuringOffTo AboveBehindForOnToward AcrossBelowFromOntoUnder AfterBeneathInOutUntil AgainstBesideInsideOutsideUp AlongBetweenIntoOverUpon AmongBeyondLikeSinceWith AroundByNearThroughWithin AtDownOfThroughoutWithout

According toAside fromIn front ofInstead of Across fromBecause ofIn place ofOn account of Along withFar fromIn spite ofOn top of Yasmin will visit Trinidad instead of Jamaica. The painting near you is by a Brazilian artist.

 Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun that is called the OBJECT of the PREPOSITION.  I hate when otters come before rain and snow.

 Page 482  Exercise 1: odd  Exercise 2: all

 If a preposition has a pronoun that is an object, you must use an objective pronoun.  Subjective: used in the subject  Objective: used in predicate (after verb) or in as the object of the preposition. SubjectiveObjective I, myMe, my You He, she, itHim, his, her, it We, ourUs, our TheyThem WhoWhom

 Dan handed the tickets to Natalie.  Dan handed the tickets to her.  I borrowed the suitcase from Ivan and Vera.  I borrowed the suitcase from Ivan and her.  Natalie traveled with me.  Will you go with him and me?  Who is going? To whom did you send that?  The man of whom I spoke is from Asia.

 Page 484  Exercise 3: odd

 Yes, I know I said we wouldn’t, but let’s try anyway!  What does an adjective modify?  What does an adverb modify?  This is easy. Find the phrase... Ask what it describes/modifies and determine your answer.

 A temple of great size stood here.  I noticed some men with heavy suitcases.  An adjective phrase usually comes AFTER the word it modifies.

 A prepositional phrase is an adverb phrase when it modifies, or describes a verb, adverb, or adjective. Adverb Phrases Describing a verbThe tourists travel in a group. Describing an adjectiveThe temple is impressive from this view. Describing an adverbIt has held up well for its age.

How they function... When? They left the hotel in the morning. Where? The curious visitors went to Japan. How? The large group traveled by airplane.

 Page 486  Exercise 4: odd  Exercise 5: all

 Coordinating conjunctions: words used to connect parts of a sentence like words, clauses, or phrases.  Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, for, so, yet, and nor

Compound SubjectAli and Rose have lived in Mexico. Compound PredicateTourists shop or relax on beaches. Compound Object of a Prepositions Amiri went to Brazil and Peru Compound SentenceTome shopped every day, but we toured.

 Pairs of words used to connect...  Both...and  Either...or  Neither...nor  Not only...but also  Examples exist in both Ireland and Greece.  Either Edde or Jacob will enter the race.

 When a compound subject is joined by AND, it is usually plural. The verb MUST agree with the plural subject.  Winema and Tanya are in Madrid this week.  When a compound subject is joined by or or nor, the verb must agree with the nearest part of the subject.  Neither the twins nor Ann is studying Spanish.

 Exercises 6 and 7  ODD only

 Conjunctive is a different part of speech of the word CONJUNCITON.  Conjunctive Adverb = adverb that “quacks” like a conjunction  You can use special types of adverbs instead of a coordinating or correlative conjunction to join simple sentences in a compound sentence.  These are usually stronger and more precise than coordinating conjunctions.

Using Conjunctive Adverbs To replace ANDAlso, besides, furthermore, moreover To replace BUTHowever, nevertheless, still To state a result Consequently, therefore, so, thus To state equality Equally, likewise, similarly

 With conjunctive adverbs  Chinese cooks often stir-fry their food; therefore, they must cut it into very small pieces.  Stir-frying should be done quickly; the wok must be very hot, therefore.  Vegetables cook more quickly than meat; they must, therefore, be added to the wok last.

 Page 490  Exercise 8: odd  Exercise 9: odd

 A word or group of words that expresses strong feeling.  It/They has/have NO GRAMMATICAL connection to any other word in the sentence.  We are taking a boat ride around Venice. Hooray!  We have to go to count the grains of rice. Oh, joy.  Wow, you look like you are having fun.

Common Interjections AhaGood grief OhWell AlasHaOh noWhat AwesomeHeyOopsWhoops Come onHoorayOuchWow GeeLookPhewYes

 Exercise 10: odd  Exercise 11: all

 Look at page 493  Review the chart

 Exercise 12: all  Exercise 13: Odd