Photosynthesis Chapter 7.

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Presentation transcript:

Photosynthesis Chapter 7

Photosynthesis Occurs in green plants, algae, and some bacteria Transforms light E into chemical E Stored in sugar bonds Also produces O2

Anatomy of a Leaf Exterior of stoma (pl. stomata) for gas exchange Veins carry water from roots and sugars from leaves Mesophyll is interior leaf tissue Filled with chloroplasts, site of photosynthesis Stroma, thylakoids with chlorophyll, grana All green areas of plants, concentrated in leaves

The Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic (light) energy travels in waves Wavelength from crest to crest Energy levels vary Low energy = long waves Microwaves, radio waves High energy = short waves Gamma rays, x-rays Visible spectrum Colors seen are those that are reflected, not absorbed White reflects all light Black absorbs all light Green plants reflect green

Light Energy Exists as photons, discrete units of energy Pigments absorb specific photons Energy elevates e-s of pigments to higher orbital ( PE) Unstable in upper orbital so ‘fall’ back quickly Releases energy as heat White vs black cars/clothing in the South

Plant Pigments Leaves contain a variety of pigments Chlorophyll a: reflects green Direct photosynthetic reaction Chlorophyll b: reflects green Absorbs E and transfers to chlorophyll a Carotenoids: reflects yellow and orange Behaves like chlorophyll b Expand system capabilities Photoprotection: absorbs excess E to prevent damage Similar mechanism in retina “Carrots for good eyes” Anthocyanins: reflects red and purple Cherries and flowers Fall foliage change b/c other pigments outlast chlorophyll’s

Overview of Photosynthesis Light reaction In the thylakoids Light E to ATP and NADPH Fuels the dark cycle Oxygen atoms escape Dark reaction In the stroma Assembles sugars Carbon fixation: incorporate CO2 to organic compounds NADPH reduces carbon Electron mov’t? ATP provides chemical E to run the cycle No direct need for light

Light Capturing In thylakoids Electron transfer chain in photosystem Clusters of chlorophyll, pigments, and proteins Light-gathering “antennae” Photosystem I (P680)—absorbs red light at 680nm Photosystem II (P700)—absorbs far-red light at 700nm

Light-Dependent (Light) Reaction Starts with: Sunlight Water Ends with: ATP and NADPH Important products in this process: Oxygen e-’s from water to PS II/PS I to NADP+ ETC between photosystems set up [H +] gradient in thylakoid space H + out to stroma through ATP synthase Photophosphorylation Where do you recognize this process from?

Light-Independent (Dark) Reaction Starts with: 6 CO2 ATP and NADPH Ends with: 2 G3P (3C) = sugar precursor Important products in this process: NADP+ and ADP + Pi 3 RuBP

Review of Photosynthesis

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