Sea ice thickness from CryoSat – A new data set for operational ice services? Christian Haas German CryoSat Office AWI.

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Sea ice thickness from CryoSat – A new data set for operational ice services? Christian Haas German CryoSat Office AWI

Goals: 1.Observe changes in Arctic multi-year ice thickness 2.Observe changes of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet thickness First Earth Opportunity Mission, to be launched in November 2004 Radar altimetry mission with new technology: Synthetic Aperture, Interferometric Radar Altimeter: SIRAL Selected after 1999 proposal from European Scientists Group, lead by Prof. D. Wingham, University Collage London, UK

h? Sea Ice Ice Sheets

Estimate Freeboard above Interpolated Ocean surface Conversion assumes reflection from the ice/snow interface Conversion to thickness using climatology of snow depth/densities [Warren, 1999] Freeboard to Thickness Conversion

Observed thickness trends (ERS-2) (Laxon et al., 2003) Comparison of satellite and submarine thickness measurements ‘93 to ‘97

Pulse-Limited Radar Altimetry Time = 2*h/v h

Ocean Ice Sheets Sea Ice

SIRAL: Synthetic-Aperture Interferometric Radar Altimeter SAR InSAR 250 m along track resolution

SAR / InSAR / LBR Modes

Orbit (Science Orbit): 717 km Mean Altitude 92° Inclination 369 Days Repeat Cycle 30 Days Subcycle 7.5 km Inter-Track Spacing at Equator

Nominal Ground Track of one Sub-Cycle

Cross-overs per 10 4 km 2 per year

CryoSat Data Products Level Level 1 - 1b Level Level Level 1b - 2 Coherent, Pulse-limited Radar Echoes Coherent Synthetic Beams Multi-looked Beams & Phases Along-track Ice Elevations Spatially & Temporally Averaged Ice Thickness Secular trend in ice thickness ~ 400 Gbit/day ~ 3 Gbit/day ~ 20 Mbit/day ~ 1 Mbit/day ~20kbit/day ~ 400 Gbit/day

L0 - L1b Beam Formation & Steering

Doppler Beam Stack Over Spherical Surface Level 1B Multi-looked Echoes L0 - L1b Stack & Multi-looking

Simulated ‘SAR’ L1b - L2 Product

Conclusions Major improvements over ice surfaces due to synthetic- aperture interferometric (InSAR) processing Data is orbit oriented (not imaging) Low point-to-point covariance due to speckle  Most reliable for 10 4 km 2 spatial / 1 month temporal resolution Access to data through ESA Data-AOs Uncertainties will be addressed by extensive validation See you at:

Sea ice freeboard retrieval