B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Bonneville Power Administration Heat Pump Water Heater Laboratory Testing Results & Field Work August 2, 2011 Kacie Bedney, BPA Project Manager Ben Larson, Ecotope Research Scientist Additional slides courtesy of…… NEEA Ammi Amarnath, EPRI Technical Executive Christine Bunch, SCL Retail Program Manager

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 2 Agenda  BPA Lab Testing Project Project Goals Equipment Examined Measurement & Verification Overview (M&V Plan) Equipment Comparisons Compressor Ranges, COP & Mapping Results Annualized COPs  NEEA Lab Testing Bunch, SCL Retail Program Manager  EPRI Demonstration Project Description Research Objectives Early Results  Seattle City Light HPWH Program

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Lab Testing Project Goals  Using a controlled laboratory environment, evaluate the performance of HPWHs in Pacific NW conditions  Determine impacts of the HPWHs on the spaces where they are installed  Estimate energy savings of the equipment 3

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Equipment Examined 4 GE 50-gallon AO Smith 80-gallon Rheem 50-gallon

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measurement & Verification Plan  Developed 1.5 yrs ago with help of advisory committee: f/HPWH_MV_Plan_Final_ pdfhttp:// f/HPWH_MV_Plan_Final_ pdf  Conducted national lab search and selected National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) to perform the tests 5

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N M&V Plan Overview M&V Plan consists of multiple test types: COP Mapping – as a function of both ambient air conditions and water temperatures – also includes restricted airflow testing DOE Standard Rating Points – 24 hr Energy Factor (EF) and 1 st hr Rating Operating Mode Explorations – determine under what conditions equipment switches from heat pump to resistance element use Draw Profiles – simulated use tests 6

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 24hr, 1hr Results & Spec. Comparison GE GeoSpringRheem HP50AO Smith Voltex PHPT-80 Units Lab Meas.Spec. Sheet Lab Meas.Spec. SheetLab Meas.Spec. Sheet Upper* Element kW Lower* Element kW Compressor** Power W Standby Power W Fan*** Power W Pump Power W na 73--na Airflow Path: Inlet on sides. Exhaust to back. Inlet on top. Exhaust to sides. Inlet on left side. Exhaust to right side. Airflow cfm Refrigerant R-134a R-410aR-134a Performance Characteristics Test Mode: HybridEnergy SaverHybrid Tank Volume gal First Hr Rating gal Energy Factor EF Tank Heat Loss Rate Btu/hr-F *240V supply. Elements interlocked for GE and AO Smith, may operate in tandem for Rheem. **range depends on water T and ambient T. Power increases with both. ***variable speed depends on conditions 7

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Compressor Operating Ranges  Colored areas show ambient air T and ave tank T in which the compressor operates  Green – AO Smith, Blue – GE, Gray –Rheem  ATI66 (not shown) has extended low T amb range with active defrost cycles Verified operation to 30F with high RH conditions 8

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Compressor COP Map Results  COP mapping created a full performance characterization of the equipment under a range of environmental condition COP depends strongly on T db & T Tank and less so on T wb  Measured the operational boundaries of the compressor 9

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N COP Mapping Results 10

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Summary Findings  Lab measured characteristics of equipment and performed DOE rating tests achieving results comparable to published data  Completely map compressor performance over operating ranges Determine under what draw conditions units switch to resistance element Draw profiles show link between storage capacity and overall efficiency  Key equipment findings: Circulation pumps can destratify the tank potentially leading to compromised user experience Rheem has limited low temperature compressor range leading to more element use Both Rheem and GE storage capacity of 45 gallons tends to result in more element use especially around peak draw periods AO Smith larger storage capacity of 75 gallons reduces element use 11

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Annualized COPs & DHW Energy Use  Energy use for water heater only – does not include interactive effects on heating & cooling 12 Annual COPAnnual Energy Use (kWh) HZ1HZ2HZ3HZ1HZ2HZ3 Garage GE AO Smith Rheem Baseline Unheated Basement GE AO Smith Rheem Baseline Conditioned Space (67F) GE AO Smith Rheem Baseline

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N NEEA Test Unit Manufacturer: AirGenerate Model: ATI66 Features: 66 gallon nominal (64 measured) Tank Material: Stainless Steel Refrigerant – 410A Electric Element – 4kW Compressor Size – 7700 BTU/Hr Exhaust ducting Reverse cycle defrost Supports simultaneous resistance element and heat pump operation

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N EPRI/BPA HPWH Demonstration  Nationwide testing of 160+ residential HPWHs GE, AO Smith, Rheem  Collaborative research with multiple utilities  BPA utilities will test 40 units in the region (with an additional 13 control homes)  HPWHs monitored for: efficiency, performance, reliability, electric demand, application issues and customer behavior

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N EPRI/BPA HPWH Demonstration Research objectives:  Assess heat pump water heater technology by measuring efficiency  Provide credible data on the performance and reliability of heat pump water heaters  Assess user satisfaction in a residential setting

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N EPRI/BPA Demonstration Project

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for All Sites, January 2011 Preliminary Results

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, January 2011 Preliminary Results

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, February 2011 Preliminary Results

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, March 2011 Preliminary Results

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N BPA Timelines BPA Lab Testing Schedule  October 2009 – Project kick-off with Ecotope  November 2009 – Formed Advisory Committee  January 2010 – Final M&V Plan issued  June 2010 – Lab testing kick-off with NREL  July 2011 – Preliminary assessment reports issued on AO Smith, GE and Rheem  August/September 2011 – Final report due EPRI/BPA Demonstration Project Schedule  May 2010 – Project kick-off with EPRI, SnoPUD and Fluid Market Strategies  January 2011 – Installation complete  March 2012 – Data collection complete  June 2012 – Final report due from EPRI

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N BPA Links Lab Testing Results  M&V Plan  Preliminary lab results for AO Smith, GE, Rheem  HPWH Advisory Committee Presentation (for those wishing to dig into the fine details)  Link to the above….. cts.cfm EPRI Demonstration Project  project_Overview_Final.pdf

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Summary of BPA Results  Early results from EPRI field test BPA/Snohomish sites Ambient air temperature data for various installations Hot water flow rates, energy use and COPs Customer survey results  Lab performance curves for GE, Rheem, AO Smith  Annualized COPs and HPWH energy use by Manufacturer Heating zone Location in home 23

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Seattle City Light HPWH Program  New program launched Jan. 1, 2011 Marketed primarily in retail big-box locations $250 rebate. Evaluating whether to increase to $500 in 2012 to align with PSE.  Program requirements ENERGY STAR, installed in unconditioned space such as garage or unconditioned basement.  Rebated units 9 units – all are the GE Geospring 50 gal. 8 installed by contractor, 1 DIY In process of verifying units and sending out surveys In-store counter card

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Next Steps  Review presentations and report details  Next RTF meeting, presentation on: Northern Climate Specification Unit Energy Savings proposal Ongoing HPWH research – EPRI HPWH Demonstration Project – Other lab and field tests

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 26 Contact Information BPA Lab Testing, Field Testing Kacie Bedney, HPWH Project Manager Bonneville Power Administration BPA Emerging Technology Jack Callahan, Emerging Technology Bonneville Power Administration BPA Residential Sector Lead Sarah F. Moore, Residential Lead Bonneville Power Administration Ecotope Ben Larson, Research Scientist , ext 207