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Section 3: Dying and Death Chapter Introduction Section 1: Adulthood Section 2: Old Age Section 3: Dying and Death Chapter Menu

Chapter Objectives · Section 1 Adulthood Describe the shifting priorities and outlooks on life that occur from adolescence throughout the remainder of life. Chapter Preview 1

Chapter Objectives · Section 2 Old Age Discuss how our priorities and expectations change to match realities during old age. Chapter Preview 2

Chapter Objectives · Section 3 Dying and Death Understand that most people face death by going through stages or an adjustment process. Chapter Preview 3

Chapter Preview-End

Main Idea Adulthood is a time of transition—it involves shifting priorities and outlooks on life from adolescence and throughout the remainder of life. Section 1-Main Idea

Vocabulary menopause generativity stagnation Section 1-Key Terms

Objectives Characterize the physical changes that take place during adulthood. Describe the social and emotional changes that occur during adulthood. Section 1-Objectives

Section 1-Polling Question Do you have a preconceived view of adulthood? A. Very much so B. Somewhat C. Not very much D. Not at all A B C D Section 1-Polling Question

Physical Changes Two theories about why our bodies age: A breakdown in our bodies’ cells Our cells have preset biological clocks that limit the number of times our cells can divide and multiply Section 1

Physical Changes (cont.) After the age of 30, the process of physical decline slowly begins. Appearance changes such as gray hair. The senses change requiring more stimulation. Increased risk of health problems. Section 1

Physical Changes (cont.) Three of the most common causes of death in early adulthood are: Heart disease Cancer Cirrhosis of the liver Section 1

Physical Changes (cont.) Other causes of early morbidity: Drug abuse Inadequate diet Violence Section 1

Physical Changes (cont.) Between the ages of 45 and 50, every woman experiences a stage called the climacteric, which includes menopause. Studies have shown that the negative effects of menopause are greatly exaggerated. Section 1

Physical Changes (cont.) Men do not experience a physical change equivalent to menopause, but they do experience many psychological changes. Section 1

Physical Changes (cont.) Researchers have proposed that the success or failure of a marriage depends largely on two factors: How couples handle conflicts How often couples share intimate and happy moments How Our Bodies Age Section 1

From the list below, what do you think is the leading cause of divorce? A. improper handling of conflict B. lack of sharing intimate and happy moments C. exaggerating issues and having verbal fights D. other issues A B C D Section 1

Cognitive Changes An adult’s reaction time on a test does slow down with age. The ability to comprehend new material and to think flexibly improves with years and experience. Section 1

Which of the following are reasons that comprehending new material improves with age? A. learning new skills and information B. solving problems that require speed and coordination C. shifting from one problem- solving strategy to another D. All of the above A B C D Section 1

Social and Personality Development An individual’s character—his or her style of adapting to situations—is relatively stable over the years. However, people do face many changes in their lifetime and must adjust accordingly. Section 1

Social and Personality Development (cont.) Levinson’s Theory of Male Development: Entering the adult world The Age-Thirty Crisis Settling Down The Midlife Transition: generativity and stagnation Middle Adulthood Levinson’s Theory of Male Development Section 1

Social and Personality Development (cont.) While most women do not tend to face a midlife crisis they might experience: “Empty Nest” syndrome Depression in midlife Section 1

A. Entering the Adult World B. The Age-Thirty Crisis C. Settling Down Which of the following stages in a man’s life do you think would be the most trying? A. Entering the Adult World B. The Age-Thirty Crisis C. Settling Down D. The Midlife Transition A B C D Section 1

Section 1-End

Main Idea As we age, our priorities and expectations change to match realities, and we experience losses as well as gains. Section 2-Main Idea

Vocabulary decremental model of aging ageism senile dementia Alzheimer’s disease Section 2-Key Terms

Objectives Identify changes that occur in health and life situation during old age. Summarize how people physically, mentally, and socially adjust to old age. Section 2-Objectives

Section 2-Polling Question Can you think of reasons, besides being closer to death, so many people fear growing old? A. decremental model of aging B. ageism C. trade in older products for the newer, faster model D. retire A B C D Section 2-Polling Question

Attitudes Toward Aging Most of our attitudes are based on a decremental model of aging. This view can be blamed on ageism. Section 2

Attitudes Toward Aging (cont.) Myths: Old people are sick, live in poverty, and are victims of crime. They withdraw from life and sit around doing nothing. Old people are inflexible and senile. Section 2

Do you feel that you are prejudice against the elderly? A. Very much so B. Somewhat C. Not very much D. Not at all A B C D Section 2

Changes in Health Good health in adolescence and adult life carries over into old age. About 35% of the elderly have at least one chronic disease. Section 2

Changes in Health (cont.) The four most prevalent diseases in the elderly are: Heart disease Hypertension Diabetes Arthritis Section 2

Changes in Health (cont.) The major causes of death among the elderly are: Heart disease Cancer Strokes Section 2

Changes in Health (cont.) The quality of health care for the elderly is inferior to that of the general population. Reasons: The elderly in the lower socioeconomic class tend not to take care of themselves or seek out treatment. Some doctors prefer to care for younger patients with acute diseases. Section 2

B. Lower socioeconomic class C. More complicated health histories What do you think is the main reason that the elderly tend to have poorer health care? A. Discrimination B. Lower socioeconomic class C. More complicated health histories D. It is not inferior. A B C D Section 2

Changes in Life Situation The most devastating transition for anyone is the loss of a spouse. Friends and family may also abandon the widowed person due to their own grief or the person’s new single status. Depression is common amongst older adults. Section 2

Changes in Life Situation (cont.) Symptoms such as weight changes, feelings of worthlessness, extreme sadness, inability to concentrate, and thoughts of death and suicide are often cited. Many older people continue to learn and develop skills more than ever before. Section 2

A. Moving into a nursing home. B. Death of a spouse. From the list below, what would you consider to be the most traumatic life change? A. Moving into a nursing home. B. Death of a spouse. C. A negative change income. D. Stopping driving a car. A B C D Section 2

Changes in Sexual Activity The majority of people over the age of 65 continue to be interested in sex, and healthy partners enjoy sexual activity into their 70s and 80s. The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior. Section 2

Changes in Sexual Activity (cont.) Reasons some older people do not engage in sexual activity: Poor health Death of a spouse Societal attitudes Section 2

D. Sexual physiology and functioning What do you think the main reason that the elderly may no longer be sexually active? A. Societal attitudes B. Poor health C. The death of a spouse D. Sexual physiology and functioning A B C D Section 2

Adjusting to Old Age Many of the changes the elderly face make their adjustment to everyday life more difficult because they represent a loss of control over the environment. This gradual loss of control may involve both physical changes and external circumstances. Section 2

Adjusting to Old Age (cont.) Older people can maintain a more positive self image and a sense of control if their friends and family help them with their options. Organizations such as the AARP help the elderly voice their opinions about unfair treatment. Section 2

A B C D What do the elderly struggle with while adjusting to old age? A. loss of control over the environment B. physical changes and external circumstances C. unable to maintain what they value most D. All of the above A B C D Section 2

Changes in Mental Functioning There is less of a decline in intelligence and memory of the elderly than most people think. Section 2

Changes in Mental Functioning (cont.) John Horn proposed two types of intelligence: Crystallized—this type of intelligence refers to the ability to use accumulated knowledge and learning in appropriate situations. Fluid—this intelligence refers to the ability to solve abstract relational problems and to generate new hypotheses. Section 2

Changes in Mental Functioning (cont.) A small percentage of people develop senile dementia. The most common form is Alzheimer’s disease. Percentage of Older Population Section 2

What is affected by the decline of fluid intelligence? A. Reaction time B. Using accumulated knowledge C. Generating new ideas D. Retrieving information from memory A B C D Section 2

Section 2-End

Main Idea Death is inevitable. Most people face death by going through stages or an adjustment process. Section 3-Main Idea

Vocabulary thanatology hospice Section 3-Key Terms

Objectives Identify the stages of dying. Describe the services of hospices. Section 3-Objectives

Section 3-Polling Question If you found out you had a terminal disease, which would you most likely do? A. Become angry B. Deny that you have the disease C. Become depressed D. Bargain with God A B C D Section 3-Polling Question

Adjusting to Death Thanatology Elisabeth Kübler-Ross conducted a study on how the terminally ill react to death. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Section 3

Adjusting to Death (cont.) Kübler-Ross identified five stages of dying: Denial—they may assert that the doctors are incompetent or the diagnoses mistaken. Anger—they may alienate themselves at this stage. Bargaining—this is a short stage where the patient attempts to bargain with fate. Depression—they are depressed that they will lose everybody and everything. Acceptance—they accept death and may experience a sense of calm. Section 3

Adjusting to Death (cont.) Some patients may go through the stages in a different order, repeat stages, or stay in one stage. A movement to restore the dignity of dying revolves around the concept of a hospice. Section 3

Adjusting to Death (cont.) In hospice, doctors do not try to prolong life but to improve the quality of life. Another form of hospice service is in-home treatment. Section 3

Do you agree with Kübler-Ross’ five stages of grieving? A. Agree B. Disagree C. Not sure D. Sometimes A B C D Section 3

Section 3-End

How Our Bodies Age When young adults reach their 20’s, they have reached the level of highest physical ability and capacity. Figure 1

Levinson’s Theory of Male Development This model shows the developmental sequence of a man’s life that Levinson proposed, the scheme emphasizes that development is an ongoing process that requires continual adjustment. Figure 2

Percentage of Older Population The number of elderly in the United States is rapidly growing. Figure 3

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross 1926–2004 “If you have lived fully, then you have no regrets, because you have done the best you can. If you made lots of goofs—much better to have made lots of goofs than not o have lived at all.” Profile

Select a transparency to view. Chapter Concepts Transparencies Marriage Statistics by Gender Fallacies of Aging Select a transparency to view. Concept Trans Menu

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menopause: the biological event in which a woman’s production of sex hormones is sharply reduced Vocab1

generativity: the desire, in middle age, to use one’s accumulated wisdom to guide future generations Vocab2

stagnation: a discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past Vocab3

decremental model of aging: idea that progressive physical and mental decline are inevitable with age Vocab4

ageism: prejudice or discrimination against the elderly Vocab5

senile dementia: decreases in mental abilities experienced by some people in old age Vocab6

Alzheimer’s disease: a condition that destroys a person’s ability to think, remember, relate to others, and care for herself or himself Vocab7

thanatology: the study of dying and death Vocab8

hospice: a facility designed to care for the special needs of the dying Vocab9

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