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Play of the Virtues Style: Style: Originally monophonic Wide range Distinction between the different voices in musical style?

Secular Music Travelling entertainers: Goliards and jougleures (mostly lower classes) Travelling entertainers: Goliards and jougleures (mostly lower classes) Musician-poets: Troubadors (Trouveres, Trobaritz) Musician-poets: Troubadors (Trouveres, Trobaritz)

Troubadours,Trouvères Troubadours: southern France Language: Provençal Trouvères: Northern France Language: Old French Members of the upper classes Courtly Love theme Unattainable woman on a pedestal

Trouvère song Ce fut en mai (Listening Guide 4) Ce fut en mai (Listening Guide 4) Composer:Moniot d’Arras (fl ) Composer:Moniot d’Arras (fl ) Originally monophonic Originally monophonic On recording, accompanied by Medieval stringed instruments (vielle, psaltery, dulcimer) On recording, accompanied by Medieval stringed instruments (vielle, psaltery, dulcimer)

Trouvère song Meter? Meter? Triple Form? Form? Strophic form each verse is AABB Corresponds loosely to rhyme scheme

Ars Nova-14th-c. France Means “New skill” Means “New skill” What was new about it? What was new about it? Innovations in rhythm and notation

Guillaume Machaut Most important 14th-century composer Most important 14th-century composer Wrote poetry, songs. Wrote poetry, songs. Songs are polyphonic Songs are polyphonic Songs in fixed forms (very specific relationships between poetry and music) Songs in fixed forms (very specific relationships between poetry and music) Music follows form of poetry Music follows form of poetry

Machaut song Puis qu’en oubli (listening guide 5) Puis qu’en oubli (listening guide 5) Text on Courtly love theme Text on Courtly love theme Musical form Musical form RONDEAUX form A B aA ab A B Capital letters are repetitions of text and music Small letters are musical repetitions with a new text Corresponds to rhyme scheme

Instrumental music Largely improvised Largely improvised Categories: Categories: Soft (stringed instruments) Vielle Loud (wind instruments) Shawm (ancestor of modern oboe) Sackbut (ancestor of modern trombone Also had percussion and organs

Instrumental Music Royal estampie #4 (listening guide 6) Royal estampie #4 (listening guide 6) Originally monophonic, new parts added in this recording (mainly a drone). Originally monophonic, new parts added in this recording (mainly a drone). Open and closed endings Open and closed endings