Scientific Classification (Taxonomy)

It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! It’s All of the Above! What do all of these things have in common? Look closely and try to notice characteristics that can be used to classify these items into groups. 1.How many different ways can you divide these flying things into groups? Choose a method and classify these objects. Start with two headings, then subdivide each group.

The purpose of classification is to arrange or group things according to similarities & differences.

Aristotle classified organisms over 2000 years ago.Aristotle classified organisms over 2000 years ago. When Carolus Linnaeus developed his system of classification, he had only 2 kingdoms, Plants and Animals, but the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells.When Carolus Linnaeus developed his system of classification, he had only 2 kingdoms, Plants and Animals, but the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells. A 2-kingdom system was no longer useful; we now use 6 kingdoms.A 2-kingdom system was no longer useful; we now use 6 kingdoms.

Levels of Classification (write this) DomainDomain KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies DumbDumb KingKing PhillipPhillip CameCame OverOver ForFor GreatGreat SpaghettiSpaghetti Classification of Humans Domain: Eukaryotes Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primate Family: Mankind Genus: Homo Species: Sapien

Three Domains (write this) Eukaryotes Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Six Kingdoms (write this) Plants Animals Protists Fungi Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Organism Placement in a Kingdom (write this) Cell type (complex or simple)Cell type (complex or simple) Their ability to make foodTheir ability to make food The number of cells in their bodyThe number of cells in their body

Kingdom: Eubacteria (write this) Complex and single-celled.Complex and single-celled. Classified in their own kingdom because their chemical makeup is different.Classified in their own kingdom because their chemical makeup is different. Most are helpful (make vitamins & foods like yogurt)Most are helpful (make vitamins & foods like yogurt) Some can make you sick (Streptococci causes strep throat)Some can make you sick (Streptococci causes strep throat)

Kingdom: Archaebacteria (write this) Found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents under conditions with no oxygen or highly acid environments.Found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents under conditions with no oxygen or highly acid environments.

Kingdom: Animalia (write this) The animal kingdom is the largest with over 1 million known species.The animal kingdom is the largest with over 1 million known species. All animals consist of many complex cells.All animals consist of many complex cells. They are heterotrophs (get food from outside sources).They are heterotrophs (get food from outside sources).

Kingdom: Plantae (write this) Contains flowering plants, mosses, and ferns.Contains flowering plants, mosses, and ferns. Plants are all multicellular, consist of complex cells, and are autotrophs (can make their own food).Plants are all multicellular, consist of complex cells, and are autotrophs (can make their own food). With over 250,000 species, the plant kingdom is the 2nd largest.With over 250,000 species, the plant kingdom is the 2nd largest.

Kingdom: Protista (write this) Slime molds & algae are protists.Slime molds & algae are protists. Protists include all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi.Protists include all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi. Most protists are unicellular & are complex cells.Most protists are unicellular & are complex cells.

Kingdom: Fungi (write this) Includes mushrooms, mold, & mildew.Includes mushrooms, mold, & mildew. Most fungi are multi-cellular and consist of many complex cells.Most fungi are multi-cellular and consist of many complex cells. Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food.Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. Most obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in the soil.Most obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in the soil. *Ex: Penicillin & Athlete's Foot!*Ex: Penicillin & Athlete's Foot!

Classification Levels After Kingdom Phylum (or Division in plants) Class Order Family Genus Species

Narrowest Level: Species (write this) Organisms that belong to the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring.Organisms that belong to the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring. Name only one type of organism.Name only one type of organism.

Things to Remember (write this) Classification can also be called Taxonomy. It helps us understand how living things are related.Classification can also be called Taxonomy. It helps us understand how living things are related. Levels are called Taxons.Levels are called Taxons. With each successive taxon down a list, fewer and fewer organisms occupy the taxon.With each successive taxon down a list, fewer and fewer organisms occupy the taxon.

(write this) The system of naming organisms by their genus & species is called Binomial Nomenclature. Each name can only refer to one organism.The system of naming organisms by their genus & species is called Binomial Nomenclature. Each name can only refer to one organism. The Genus & Species names make up the organism's scientific nameThe Genus & Species names make up the organism's scientific name –(Ex: Homo Sapien) Most scientific names come from Latin & GreekMost scientific names come from Latin & Greek

Activating Strategy What would you do if an organism that you had never seen before just bit you? How might you identify it to determine if it is poisonous or not?

Tools for Identifying Organisms (write this) Field Guides – give descriptions & illustrations of organisms.Field Guides – give descriptions & illustrations of organisms. Dichotomous Keys – give detailed lists of identifying characteristics that include scientific names.Dichotomous Keys – give detailed lists of identifying characteristics that include scientific names.

Create a key that would help identify the pieces of fruit below.

Bottle-Nosed Dolphin 1.On what do modern scientists base their classification system? 2.Name the six smaller groups within a kingdom. 3.In the plant kingdom, what word is used in place of “phylum?” 4.What is the common name of the organism classified on this slide? 5.What order is it in? 6.Which grouping identifies a specific organism? Family Delphinidae Genus Tursiops Species Tursiops truncatus Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Cetacea