Classification of Species Taxonomy- STUDENT Classification of Species

Classify the following words into 3 groups. Apple Packers Eggplant Eagles Giants Cucumber Pineapple Saints Pepper Banana Mango Onion

Classification grouping of information or objects based on _____________________ Taxonomy Science of ____________________ _______________________________ Taxonomists = scientists who give each species a unique name

Scientific Names Come from one of two “dead” languages- Latin or ancient Greek. Why would we use a dead language?

What does the term binomial nomenclature mean to you? Why is it beneficial to have a consistent naming system and avoid using common names? What does the term binomial nomenclature mean to you? 1. To eliminate confusion and provide a universal language to speak about organisms

Binomial Nomenclature A two-part scientific naming system for organisms Part one: _______ (capitalized) Part two: _______

Binomial Nomenclature Based on Latin Always written in _________ if typed or ________________ if written by hand

Guess as many common names as you can. Camelus dromedarius Felis domesticus Canis lupis Homo sapien Giraffa camelopardalis 6. Panthera leo 7. Panthera tigris 8. Diceros bicornis 9. Bubo scandiacus 10. Equus Caballus 11. Wunderpus photogenicus

Guess as many common names as you can. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______ 10. _______ 11. _______

Check 4 Understanding scaptia beyonce Heerz lukenatcha Explain what is wrong with the following scientific names: scaptia beyonce Heerz lukenatcha chewbacca (species) Polemistus (genus) Humphrey Boghart anyone?

3 Domains Domains are the largest level of classification for organisms in the modern world. Includes: __________ (ancient single celled organisms) ___________ ___________ (organisms with a nucleus -> basically everything else)

Archaea _____________________ _______________________ (hydrothermal vents, Dead Sea, Antarctic ice & hot springs) Some of the _____________ _________________ on Earth Microscopic

2. Bacteria __________________ Some are beneficial and some cause _________ Microscopic

3. Eukarya Contain a nucleus (4 Kingdoms): ___________

Check 4 Understanding What are the 3 domains? Give one characteristic for each domain.

Carl Linnaeus Father of Taxonomy- Created the scientific classification system still in use today His system has _______ levels that range from very ____________ to very ______________.

Each level is included in level above it. _______________ Very Broad _______________ _______________ Very Specific

How to remember? King Phillip Came Over For Green Soup

Your way of Remembering: K________________ P________________ C________________ O________________ F________________ G________________ S________________

Classification for Lion Kingdom: Animalia (animal kingdom) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats) Genus: Panthera Species: leo Scientific Name: Panthera leo

Check 4 Understanding List the 7 levels of classification. 1. 6. 2. 7. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 4. 5.

C4U Broadest level: ___________________ 2. Most Specific Level:

C4U More species: ______________ Group of species: ____________ Group of phyla: ____________ Group of orders: ____________ Class (broad) Genus Kingdom Class

Limitations of Linnaean System Linnaeus taxonomy doesn’t account for _____ ____________ (didn’t have the technology). Linnaeus based his system only on ________ ________________________________. Doesn’t always mean they are closed related. DNA shows a closer evolutionary relationship than physical characterists. Actually called cryptic species (look alike but not related).

Black Bear Domestic Cat Lion Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Ursidae Felidae Genus Ursus Felis Panthera Species americanus domesticus leo Have students answer the questions on the following slide.

1. Which of the 3 organisms are most closely related? How do you know? _____________________________

2. At what level do black bears and lions separate? ___________________ 3. At what level do lions and house cats separate? _________________

Horned Owl Spectacled Owl Snowy Owl Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Strigiformes Family Strigidae Genus Bubo Pulsatrix Species virginianus perspicillata scandiacus Have students answer the questions on the following slide.

1. Which of the 3 organisms are most closely related? How do you know? _____________________________

2. At what level do horned owls and spectacled owls separate? ___________________ 3. At what level do snowy owls and horned owls separate? _________________

Dichotomous Key Purpose: _________________________ __________________________________ Presented with a sequence of choices between two statements based on characteristics of the organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of the organism will be revealed.

Example: Does the organism have: One pair of wings Two pairs of wings

Cladistics determines evolutionary relationships by grouping species on the basis of shared characteristics Clade: group of species that share a set of characteristics _______________

3 Assumptions about Cladistics Organisms within a group are descended from a__________ ________________. There is a bifurcating pattern (divides something into 2 branches). Basically, changes in characteristics cause new species to arise.

3. Change in characteristics occurs in lineages over time → Takes time for organisms to change. Point of Cladistics: Determining the _______________________________ of different species Change/evolve over long periods of time which allow us to separate them into different groups.

Questions: What do both the chimpanzee and the hamster have in common Questions: What do both the chimpanzee and the hamster have in common? (fur/mammary glands) Chimp and lizard? (claws/nails) Hamster and salamander? (lungs)

Analyzing Cladograms What do both the chimpanzee and the hamster have in common? _________________________ Chimp and lizard? _____________________ Hamster and salamander? ________________