Timothy Johnson Plato Industries, Ltd. Houston, TX NemOutTM A new nematicide in development for control of reniform and other nematodes in cotton Timothy Johnson Plato Industries, Ltd. Houston, TX

Difficulties in managing nematodes in cotton Multiple species - root knot, reniform, Columbia lance Soil pests are generally more difficult to manage than foliar pests Nematodes are difficult to detect and costly to sample Distributions are typically uneven Yield losses are often contingent upon additional stress factors

Nematode management strategies Crop rotation – economic and biological limitations Host plant resistance – slow to develop and bring to market Chemical and/or biological intervention

Nematode management strategies - chemical Temik® 15G – long time soil insecticide/nematicide AVICTA® Complete Pak – includes abamectin for nematode control Vydate® – layby application Telone® - soil fumigant

Nematode management strategies - biological N-HibitTM – induces plant defense mechanisms

NemOutTM Pathogenic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 Primarily an egg parasite with lesser activity on juvenile and adult nematodes

NemOutTM Manufactured by ProPhyta Biologischer Pflanzenschutz GmbH of Poel, Germany Active ingredient is EPA registered for use on bananas, fruiting vegetables and turf. NemOut is a new formulation specifically for cotton and peanuts and is being developed by Plato Industries, Ltd. of Houston, TX

NemOutTM - mode of action Paecilomyces lilacinus mycelium infecting nematode eggs. ©Rita Holland

NemOutTM – development objectives for cotton and peanuts Use Rates Water volumes Application timing and methodology Compatibility with fungicides

NemOutTM – 2006 field trials Cotton – Mississippi delta Peanuts – Alabama and Florida

Original 1X formulation DREC, MSU – Trial 1 Cooperator: Dr. J. Smith Original 1X formulation Untreated 2 lbs NemOut IF 4 lbs NemOut IF 8 lbs NemOut IF Temik 15G 5 lb IF Avicta C-P 200 ft. plots x 4 rows 6 reps RCBD Planted 4/19 Harvested 9/20

Measuring Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC) Veris Data Trial 1 Measuring Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)

NemOut -Trial 1 Reniform nematodes per 500 cc soil Pre-treatment Post-treatment

NemOutTM – trial 1 harvest GPS linked picker with continuous read out yield monitor

Cooperator: Dr. G. Scuimbato DREC, MSU – Trial 2 Cooperator: Dr. G. Scuimbato New 10x formulation Untreated 0.2 lbs NemOut IF 0.4 lbs NemOut IF 0.8 lbs NemOut IF Temik 15G 5 lb. IF Avicta C-P NemOut Seed Trt. 1 lb/100 CWT 2 lb/100 CWT 2 lb/CWT + Temik 2 lb/CWT + Avicta 45 ft. plots x 4 rows 5 reps RCBD Planted 5/4 Harvested 9/26

Preparing seed with NemOut Mixing conidia. Injecting seed with conidia. Treated seed.

NemOutTM – peanut trial Cooperator: Dr. J. Rich

NemOutTM – peanut trial Cooperator: Dr. K. Lawrence

NemOutTM – future direction Complete compatibility studies with seed applied fungicides Expand geographic area for cotton trials to include both root knot and reniform infestations Focus on application methodologies to include application through irrigation systems and hopper box applications

NemOutTM – future direction Proceed with evaluating use rates that are economically competitive with commercial standards Complete the registration process to allow large-scale evaluations in 2007

Acknowledgements Mississippi State University – DREC Dr. Jim Smith Dr. Gabe Sciumbato Dr. Pat English Boisee Stokes Troy Gibson University of Florida – Quincy Dr. Jim Rich Auburn University Dr. Kathy Lawrence