By: Kendra & Ashley

General Structure Carbon double bonded to oxygen with two hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups) Ketones never have a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group

IUPAC Names for Ketones the -e ending of the parent alkane is replaced with the -one suffix of the ketone family The location of the carbonyl carbon is indicated with a number. The longest carbon chain is numbered to give the carbonyl carbon the lowest possible number. The alkyl groups are listed alphabetically or in order of increasing size.

Common Names acetone acetophenone benzophenone

2-butanone2-chloro-4-methyl-3-pentanone 1-phenyl-1-butanone 4-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one Examples

3-methyl-2-butanone 3-bromocyclohexanone 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone Examples

Benedict's test The Benedict's test differentiates aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes can be oxidized by Cu2+ in the presence of a strong base to form carbonic acids. Ketones cannot be oxidized by this reaction. When the Cu2+ oxidizes the aldehydes it is reduced to Cu+, and forms the compound Cu2O, which is a reddish precipitate. That is how you know you have an aldehyde. If it doesn’t turn red, you know you have a ketone.

Tollen’s test The Tollen’s test, is a basic solution of Ag(NH3)+. The Silver (I) cation is reduced (gains one electron) at the same time the aldehyde is oxidized. This produces metallic silver (Ag0), which often forms a shiny “mirror” look. Thus Tollens’ reagent can be used to detect the presence of an aldehyde functional group – if a mirror forms then the compound tested is an aldehyde. If the test fails, then the compound is a ketone.

Hydrazine test Hydrazine test can be used to detect ketones. When treated with 2,4 - dinitrophenyl hydrazine, ketones are converted to their respective hydrazones, due to the presence of the carbonyl group, and an yellow or orange precipitate is observed. Hydrazones have a sharp melting point, and can be used to detect the original ketone.

Everyday Uses Carvone = spearmint flavouring Acetone = Nail polish remover, paint thinner, & cleaning solvents Demascone = berry flavouring Octanone = mushroom flavouring Benzophenone = perfume & sunscreen