03 August 2004 NLP-AI Java Lecture No. 4 Operators & Decision Constructs Satish Dethe

03 August 2004 Increment Operator Decrement Operator Boolean Data Type Relational Operators Equality Operators Conditional Operators Selectional Constructs Contents

03 August 2004 i + + first use the value of i and then increment it by 1. ‘i + +’ equivalent to ‘i = (i)+1’. // postfix increment + + i first increment the value of i by 1 and then use it. ‘+ + i’ equivalent to ‘i = (i+1)’. // prefix increment int i=2; System.out.print(“ i = ”+ i++);//print 2, then i becomes 3 System.out.print(“ i = ”+ ++i);//add 1 to i, then print 4 Refer to incre.java Increment Operators

03 August 2004 Decrement Operators i - - first use the i ’s value and then decrement it by one i - - equivalent to (i)-1. // postfix decrement - - i first decrement i ’s value by one and then use it. - - i equivalent to (i-1). // prefix decrement int i=5; System.out.print(“i = ” + i--);//print 5, then i becomes 4 System.out.print(“i = ” + --i);//subtract 1 from i, then print 3 Refer to decre.java

03 August 2004 This data type can store only two values; true and false. Declaring a boolean variable is the same as declaring any other primitive data type like int, float, char. boolean response = false; //Valid boolean answer = true; //Valid boolean answer = 9943; //Invalid, boolean response = “false”; // Invalid, This is return type for relational & conditional operators. Refer to bool_op.java Boolean Data Type

03 August 2004 Relational Operators a < b a less than b. (true/false) a <= b a less than or equal b. (true/false) a > b a greater than b. (true/false) a >= b a greater than or equal to b. (true/false) These operations always return a boolean value. System.out.println(“23 is less than 65 ” +23<65); // true System.out.println(“5 is greater than or equal to 25.00?” + 5>=25.00); // false Refer to relate.java

03 August 2004 a = = b a equal to b. (true/false) a ! = b a not equal to b. (true/false) boolean equal = 12 = = 150; // false boolean again_equal = ‘r’= = ‘r’); // true boolean not_equal = 53!=90); // true Refer: equa.java Equality Operators

03 August 2004 A conditional operator is used to handle only two boolean expressions. Boolean expression always returns ‘true’ or ‘false’. Conditional AND ‘&&’ Return value is ‘true’ if both, x and y are true, else it is ‘false’. System.out.println(“x&&y ” + x&&y); // Refer cond_and.java Conditional OR ‘||’ return value is true if any one of x or y, is true else it is false. System.out.println(“x||y ” + x||y); // Refer cond_or.java Conditional Operators

03 August 2004 The ‘ if ’ construct It is used to select a certain set of instructions. It is used to decide whether this set is to be carried out, based on the condition in the parenthesis. Its syntax is: if ( ){ //body starts //body ends } The is evaluated first. If its value is true, then the statement(s) are executed. And then the rest of the program. Refer if_cond.java, if_cond1.java

03 August 2004 The ‘if else’ construct It is used to provide an alternative when the expression in if is false. Its syntax is: if( ){ } else{ } The if construct is the same. But when the expression inside if is false then else part is executed. Refer ifelse_cond.java

03 August 2004 Assignments int a_number=1; // (range: 1 to 5 including both) Print the value of a_number in word. For example, it should print “Four” if a_number contains 4. 1.Use equality ‘= =’ operator. 2.Do not use equality ‘= =’ operator.

03 August 2004 Thank You! End